421] COLORS OF TIGER BEETLES— SHELF ORD 27 



coast. Figures 116, 117, 118 show a number of spots arranged in longi- 

 tudinal rows. A comparison of these with figures 156 to 177 and 244 to 

 261 will make clear a close correspondence between the spots appearing 

 and those in adults of Eurasian and African species. Pigment fails to 

 develop when the elytron is wet (Gortner, 1911). This happened in 

 practically all wet elytra of this species and very few of those in other 

 species. 



Development of pigment in the hind wings begins a little back from 

 the anterior end, and in this case, about the time of emergence (Fig. 

 119), in the region in which the folding occurs, and shows while the 

 wing is in the pupal skin thus causing the tip of the pupal wing to look 

 black. Pigment passes out along the veins in both directions and vein 

 after vein is pigmented toward the anal border. This process requires 

 several days for completion. Figures 119 to 122 show the wing from the 

 time of emergence to the end of about 24 to 36 hours and the adult. 



Development in C. purpurea Oliv. var. limhalis Klg. (PI. X) per- 

 haps shows more definite spots than any of the others. The first evidences 

 of the pigmentation in ontogeny is in the small circles around the hairs 

 on the elytron; this takes place about 3 hours (Fig. 123) after emerg- 

 ence. 



At the end of 8 hours the pigment usually begins to come in gen- 

 erally, first, in the lines of the tracheae. As in the case of the lecontei 

 the first trace is at the posterior end of the anterior third of the ely- 

 tron. The principal early developmental markings show as large light 

 areas (Figs. 124 and 125, after 4 8 to 10 hours) which seem divided 

 again later (Figs. 126 to 129, PL X) and correspond to the spots found 

 in old world species, figures of which have already been cited. Heavier 

 pigmentation often persists in the line of the tracheae even in the adult 

 (Fig. 130). 



In C. tranquebarica (PL X) the pigment begins first a little behind 

 the anterior end, as in the other species, and comes in the lines of the 

 tracheae with all of the bands represented and the spots growing 

 smaller and the longitudinal stripes less and less prominent as time goes 

 on. In all the elytra, however, the same markings appear as in the 

 other species (Figs. 131 to 134), and spots occurring in other species 

 are consistent in occurrence. 



C. punctulata (PL XI) begins pigmentation about 4 to 6 hours after 

 emergence and the pigment appears to pass from the anterior to the 

 posterior end of the elytron. Certain lighter areas appear especially at 

 the base of the elytron and between the tracheae, figures 135 to 137. 

 These represent cross bands and other bands occur further back appear- 

 ing in some cases but all are comparatively indistinct. There is, how- 

 ever, a different phenomenon such as occurs in some of the Dytiscidae, 



