( 304 ) 



is very easily distiiit,'iiislieil by having not only a narrow frontal edge, but the 

 whole anterior portion of the erown orange-yellow without any red ; the breast 

 deeper crimson; the flanks strongly shaded with olive; and es])ecially by the 

 deeper yellow of the abdomen and nnder tail-coverts being strongly snfl'iised with 

 crimson. 



? ad. Not distinguishable from those of I', a.fasciicautla and /'. a. piinixiima. 



Ty/^c in Tring Jlnsenm : S ad., Oalama, 23. viii. 1007 (W. Hoifraanns coll., 

 No. 445). 



The three adult males present very little variation inter se. In one specimen 

 (No. 2) the two central pairs of rectrices are uniform black ; the next has a distinct 

 white patch near the base of the inner web ; the three remaining ones are, on both 

 webs, banded with yellowish white. In the two other examples (Nos. 39'J, 44ij) the 

 innermost rectrix alone is wholly black, while the two next pairs show a white 

 patch on the inner web. Otherwise they resemble No. 'Z. The nnder tail-coverts 

 have long black tips, as in P. a. puriisiana. That No. 757 {S juv.) from Allianca 

 belongs to this new form, and not to P. a. fasc/'/cat/i/a, is proved by several just 

 appearing new feathers on the abdomen being mainly crimson (not uniform clear 

 yellow as in the latter form), and by the colour of the already assumed shorter 

 under tail-coverts, which are yellow, tipped and edged with crimson, exactly as in 

 the adnlt males from C'alama. 



This interesting new form approaches P. a. flavicollig, from the left bank of 

 the Rio Madeira, by the coloration of the head and by the middle of the abdomen 

 being suffused with crimson, yet it can readily be distinguished by having the 

 flanks yellow mixed with olive (instead of deep black), the under tail-coverts 

 bright yellow with crimson edges and long black tips (not uniform black), as well as 

 by the white cross-bands on the outer rectrices. 



It is a remarkable fact that the environs of Calama are inhabited by a peculiar 

 race diff'erent from P. a./ascilcaudu, which is met with on the Rio Machados above 

 the waterfalls. 



The group of Pipni aurcula affords so excellent an example of geographical 

 variation that I deemed it interesting to append a condensed review of the various 

 forms and their characters. 



(«) Pipru aureola aureola (Linn.). 



Parus Aureola Linnaeus, %«/. Xul. x. p. 191 (1758.— based on EJw.ircls, Nat. Ilhl. BinU ii. p. 8.'}. 

 pi. 83. fig. 2 : " from some part of South America, near the equiaoctial line " — Surinam fixed 

 as type locality). 



Hub. Cayenne ; Surinam ; British Guiana ; N.E. Venezuela : Guanoco 

 (Orinoco delta). El Pilar near t'an'ipano, State of Cumana; Lower Amazonia, from 

 Maraju to Manaos (Barra do Rio Negro). 



i ad. Head above e.\cept a narrow orange-yellow frontal band crimson ; cheeks 

 and ear-coverts strongly washed with crimson ; chin and upper throat deep orange- 

 yellow, the tips of the feathers more or less red ; foreneck and breast deej) crimson ; 

 abdomen and under tail-coverts black, middle line of abdomen narrowly pale red, 

 tiammululed with whitish. Tail black, outermost rectrix sometimes with a narrow 

 white streak on the outer web near the sliaft. Wing of twenty specimens 02—05 ; 

 tail 2S— 32 mm. 



Obs. Three males from Mandos (Natterer coll., Vienna Museum) have very 



