( 495 ) 



of the Liiuioaii genus. There can be no appeal whatever from Latham's action, 

 and consequently Podiceps must be used for the Grebes. Latham's division 

 was endorsed by such non-Englisli ornithologists as Retzins (1800), Bechstein 

 (18(13), Mcisner (1804), Koch (IslO), Vicillot (1816), (!nvier (1817), Temminck 

 (1820), Lesson (1828), and Kaup (1^20), to mention only the first names that 

 come to hand. 



In 1829 Kaup {Sltizz. Entw.-Gesch. Sat. Si/sf.) introduced new generic names 

 as follows: on p. 35 he retained Por/ict'/M for the P. minor group; on ji. 41 lie 

 projjosed Ih/tt'g for P. coriiidus and arcticm ; on p. 44 Pedetaithi/ia for P. sub- 

 cristatus ; on p. 49 Proctopus for P. auritus ; and \i. 72 Lophaithyia for P. cristatus. 

 Here again, though the names cannot be accepted with fnll generic rank, the 

 method of restriction being correctly employed no subsequent alterations can be 

 admitted tliat would depreciate Kaup's division. Hence Podiceps must be used 

 for tlie Dabchicks and P^i/tes for tlie Grebes, the later introduced names being of 

 only subgeneric value. 



Page 14 : Genns XLIL Bi/tes Kaup, S//izz. Entio.-Gesch. Xat. S;/xt. p. 41 (1820) 

 replaces Lophaitkijia Kaup, loc. cit. p. 72. 

 „ 15: Genus XLV. Penguinnn Briiunich, Zool. Fund p. 78 (1772) — type 

 PhaHhon demersiis Linne 

 replaces Catarractes Brisson. 



Penguinus Bninnich. 



The consideration of this genns involves a review of the generic names 

 projjosed for Penguins between 1758 and 1840. In the Si/stcma Naturae, Xth Ed. 

 1758, two species of Penguin were included by Linne, and, curiously, the same 

 specific designation was given to each, as they were allotted to different genera, 

 one being called Diomedei demersa (p. 132), the other Phailthon demersus ([>. 135). 

 In Zool. Fund. p. 78, 1772, Biiinnich introduced for these two Linnean species 

 two genera, l'en(/uinus and Splicniscu.i : though diagnoses are fully given no 

 species are cited ; but (he names are easily referable, the former agreeing witli 

 Linnes Fhaethon demer.su.'s, the latter covering the Diomedea demersa Linne. 



In 1777 8copoIi, in the Intro. Hist. Sat. p. 472, revived Brissou's ('atarrartes, 

 correctly citing Linue's Pliai-thon demersus as example. Thus Catarractes Scopoli 

 must fall as an absolute synonym of Penquinus Bninnich. Scopoli then men- 

 tioned Diomedea, and quoted as example Diomedea, demer.i% L. and as synonym 

 ]'en<iuinH_s Briinnicii. The diagnosis tiiere given and tlie facts do not agree with 

 these attachments. Scopoli further includes Sjilieniscus Briumich, but does not 

 give any species, as was natural since he had disposed otherwise of the bird 

 Briiunich indicated. Scopoli gives accurately the essential feature of Briiiuiich's 

 genns. 



In 177S some plates of birds were drawn by or for J. F. Miller, and two 

 Penguins are included, but whether these were published at that date is quite 

 uncertain. They may therefore be neglected. I note them as publication ' would 

 possibly change the authorship of the genns A/itenoili/fes from Forsler 17sl to 

 Miller 1778. No other harm woidd be done. 



In 1781 the Penguins were e.Nhaustively dealt with by Forster in the Comment. 

 Qottinq. iii. jip. 121 et .scy., when nine species were enumerated Though previously 

 • (Boddaert in 1783 quotes some o£ Miller's plates 1} 



