( 502 ) 



In the place quoted JScopoli separated Loxia cuirirostia L. with tlie generic, ap- 

 ])ellation above given. As he retained Loxia (p. 483) for the other species his action 

 seemed unassailable. In tiie Bull. Amer. Mus Xot. ///.^•^ vol. xxiii. p. 35'i, 11)07, 

 Allen wrote : " Type (of Loxia) by restriction Loxia ciin:iros/ra, the tirst species." 

 In the -next volume (p. 3G), recognizing his error, he dainii'd it a-s designated by 

 (Jray, 1840, and it is thns accepted in the Amer. 0. U. Clie;li List 1910. Allen, 

 however, noted " Brehin (1827) had founded Ciirrirostra for the (Crossbills, of 

 which L. rurvii-osfrn is tyjie by tautoMviuy." Scopoli's fifty-yoar-])rior introduc- 

 tion, legitimately made, seems to nullify all later action with regard to the fixation 

 of L. eurcirostra as type of Loxia. As a matter of historical interest, Daudin, 

 Traife (rOrnith. ii. p. 355 (ISOO), and Forster, S;/ii. Cat. Biif. B p. 10 (1817), had 

 both correctly proposed Cniciroslra for the Crossbills prior to Brehm's Ciirriroatra 

 (1827). There appears to be no other course legally open save the recognition of 

 Scopoli's genns for the gronp of Ijoxia cxrvirostra Linnd* 



Fratermla Schaeffer, Mag. Ornith. p. 61 (1780) 

 vice Fratercula Brisson. 



Gamdiis Schaeffer, .Va.3. OriiilL p. 14 (1789) 

 vice Ganidus Brissou. 



Geloclielidoii nilotira Gm., Si/st. Xat. i. p. (50 i (1789) 

 replaces G. a?ylica Mont. (1813). 



Lagopus Schaeffer, Mus. Ornith. p. 2 (1789) 

 vice JAtijopus Brisson. 



Manacus Pallas, Spic. Zool. (0) p. 21 (1769) 

 vice Manacus Brissou. 



Momotus Briinnich, Zool. Fund. p. 84 (1772) 

 vice Momotus Brisson. 



Sucifraya Schaeffer, Mas. Ornith. ji. 14 (1789) 

 vice JS'uciJraga. Brisson. 



Megalornis Gray, List Genera of Birds 2nd Ed. p. 85 (1841) 

 must replace Grus (auct.), not of Pallas 17(i6. 



In the Amer. 0. U. Check LJst 3rd Ed. 1910, Gras has been daringly retained 

 as of Pallas 1766, and the type is given as, by tautonymy, Ardea grus Linne. If 

 this can be recognized, why should there have been any discussion regarding Stri.i: 

 Linne, 1758, and its type? As shown by Allen himself, Bull. Amer. 2hs. Nat. 

 Ilist. xxiii. ]). 313, 1907, Grus Pallas, 1766, is an absolute synonym of Vsophia 

 Linne, 1758. Pallas in Misc. Zool. p. 66, 1766, introduced Grus with relation 

 to P Sophia crepitans L. : in Spic. Zool. (4) p. 1, 1767, he again referred to it in the 

 same connection. In 1773 Pallas (lieise Prov. Russ. 7iV/(?A.f ii. p. 714) inti'odnced 

 a new species of Grus, which is now the type of Leucogeranns. 



Gray recognized the truth in 1841, and correctly synonymizing Grus Pallas 

 with Psophia Linne, proposed iLcgalornis for the sjiecies typified by Ardea grus 

 Linne. 



* 'J'his note of Mr. Matlit'w.s i.s of interest as it brings to liglit Scopoli's name Cumroalm 1777. If 

 tlic inetliod of elimination alone is iiscil, Ciimrostra must indeed replace Luria avntorum. Mr. Mathews 

 is quitj right in saying that Ctirrirnstra oi Forster and Cuvier is older than Ciirvhumtra oE Brchm, and that 

 all these antedate Grav's designation of ISIO. On the other hand, /v. vitrvirostra is the type of Loj-iii 

 l)y the rule of tautonymy, the name of the genus being like the synonym of one of its species and 

 evidently based upon that name. — If this course is followed here, terrible confusion will be avoided. 

 I cannot, however, agree that "general consent," as Dr. Allen says (Jhilf. Amt'r. Mii.-(. xxiii. p. ;15*>), has 

 anything to do with our decision. — E. il. 



