( « ) 



Chamchius Linnt'', Xtli Ed. ji. l.">0, 1T58, Charadriiis hintictda Liiiiir, ami, as 

 type of Tringa Lioue, Xtli Ed. p. 148, 1758, Tringa ocrojtlius Linne. 



I do not feel it necessary, the sentence of Commission Opinion No. Ki above 

 qnoted notwitlistauding, to give proof of the urgency of the alterations, bnt 

 nevertheless will place on record a few of the vicissitudes of Trlnya. 



When Bechstein (Orn/t/i. TaM-lienb. I)eutch.i\. p. ~'S2, 1803) introduced Tottnitis 

 he included in it species of Liinosa, and in Tringa, p. 302, he included both 

 ocroj/hus and eanutux. In Vanellus, p. 312, he included randltis and sijuatarola. 



Illiger in the Prodromus, p. 202, 1811, proposed Aetitis for a mixture of 

 Limosa, Totantts, etc., and used Tringa, p. 203, for (anellus and squutarolu. In 

 the Abhamll. K. P. Wissen., 1812-13, p. 230, 1810, he accepted Tringa for what 

 he had called Actitis, and referred his prior acceptation of Tringa to Charadrius. 



Temrainck (}rnniiel d'Ornith. p. xxxi, 181:')) preserved Tringa for the 

 "Tringoid"' species and Totanns for ^^ ochropus," etc., using Vanellus for 

 squatarola and vanellus. 



Koch (Si/st. baier. Zool. p. xli, 181()) accepted the same disposition of the 

 species as Temminck. 



Vieillot {Analyse nouv. Ornith. p. 50, 1816) indicated as members of Tringa — • 

 Maubeche-Alouette de Mer-Paon de Mer Bitff. 



Caviar {JRegne Animal i. p. 407, 1817) restricted Tringa to squatarola and 

 vanellus, designating the latter as Tringa s. str. ; then joined the remaining 

 members of Linnd's Tringa and Scopolax, and subdivided them into varions 

 sections. For canutus he provided Calidris. 



Forster (5y«. Cat. Brit. Birds p. 24, 1817) included earnitus in Tringa, but 

 put ocropus into Totanus. 



Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vol. xii. pt. i. p. 89, 1824, u.^ed Cnlidris for 

 canutus, not designating anything as typical of Tringa, p. 115, but using it as 

 a name for the residuum after allotting the species he was familiar with to various 

 genera. 



Boie (/;</« p. .500, 1822) followed Temminck, whilst Brehm {Vogel Dcutschl. 

 p. 053, 1831) proposed Canutus for canutus, and Tringa, p. 050, he restricted to 

 maritima, a Gmelin-Linnean species. 



Fleming (Pkil. Zool. ii. pp. 255-0, 1822) followed fhivier, as did Lesson 

 {Manuel Ornith. 1828) and Kanp {Shizz. Entic. (iesch. Nat. Sgst. 1829). 



It would seem that it is quite a questionable matter as to the correct type 

 of Tringa, and Gray's designation of 1840 {List Gen. Birds p. 09) is just as 

 unsatisfactory. So that, accurately speaking, the acceptance of tautonyray to fix 

 the type will settle a matter which cannot otherwise be considered as scientifically 

 decided. 



The case of Cliaradrius is not quite the same, as the members of the genus 

 are very closely allied, and not much genus-splitting could be done. Tlic intro- 

 duction of Pluvialis by Schaeffer has however been consistently neglected. Its 

 type by tautonymy is P. aurea = Cliaradrius phivialis Linno. This has been 

 commonly accepted as the type of Charadrius Linne, but some other sjiecies 

 must be selected. The wisest course in this dilemma is the adoption of tautonymy 

 and the fixation of the type of Linne's Charadrius as hiaticula. 



The division Orhthodromus must bear the prior name F.upoda of Brandt. 

 Some authorities may wish to ignore this name on account of a prior Kupodes, 

 bnt to such I would point out that Ochthodromus on the same grounds would 



