(52) 



however, is the case, ami, as we demonstrated in the iiai)er (luoted above, West- 

 wood's name of hchiiopxi/Uu^ (l.s4',') takes precedence over Ctenop.v/llus. 



Kolenati himself, in 1862, applied the name Cleiiojjsi/llus to musvuli (={jiia(/n'- 

 (fcntati/s) and bii/mfatus (= monoctenits), in which he was not justified, as he had, 

 as we have shown aliove, already used the name for the hat-fleas. At the time of 

 Kolenati's writings the necessity of a stable nomenclature was not yet conceived, 

 and Kolenati, like many others of the middle of the last centnry, considered it 

 not onlv admissible bnt even advisable to replace a name by another which 

 apiioared to hira more approjiriate. As an example of this, Kolenati in ls4ri 

 describe! a flea as Piilex /ii/ac/iae, and in 1862 changed the name into striutHs; 

 and as a further example it may be cited that he replaced in 1862 by 

 bisoctodentatus Kolen. the Ctenopktkalmus bisbidentatus Kolen, of 1x50, and 

 itnieleiifatus Kohn. o{ IS59 hy b/.'igeptemf/ent'itiis Kolen. in 1862. Further instances 

 of a similar nature could be quoted. 



Kolenati gave five names to the bat-fleas in his Parasiten dcr Chivoptcrn 

 (1856), of which four, according to the rules of nomenclature recognised to-day, 

 can be retained as valid, although the author evidently liad under octoctcnus four 

 abundantly distinct species and under pentactcnus or tetraffciiits two. This state- 

 ment is inferred from tlie fact that those specimens from Kolenati's collection 

 which we have examined belong to no less than eight different species. 



For the sake of lucidity we quote in full Kolenati's original descriptions of 

 the bat-fleas. The species belong to two genera. 



I. Genus ISCHNOPSYLLUS Westw. (Is33). 



Ciraliijilii/tliis Curtis, Siil. Eiitom. i.\. no. 417 (1832) (partiin ; type : hiriiiidiitis). 



J.vlimijisi/lliis Westwood, Eiil. Mug. i. p. 359 (1833) (type : elomjaliis). 



Ceialojixi/lliis Curtis, Brit Eiilnni. xv. errata (1838) {Ceraliiplii/lli cmcmlaliu). 



Ceralojisi/lliis {CnHis) Kolenati, Panisll. Cliirojil. p. 31 (185G) (partim). 



CteiuipsiiUna Kolenati, i.e. p. 31, footnote (185(5) (partiin; nom. nov. loco Ccralnjixijlli). 



Two of Kolenati's species belong to this genns. 



1. Ischnopsyllus octactenus Kolen. (1856). 

 Cemtopsyllus octactenus Kolenati, Parasit. Cliiropt. p. 31. no. 1. fig. 31 (1856). 



" Braun-roth mit 8 Riickenctenidien." 



" Das Endglied der Fiihler mit elf Wimperschnitten, das Ctenidiam des 

 Pronotnmg mit 26, des Metanotums mit 22, des ersten Riickensegmentes mit 10, 

 des folgenden mit 20, des dritten mit 16, des vierten mit 16, des vorletzten 

 mit 12, des letzten mit 8 Ziihnen, die Farbe der Ziihue branuschwarz, am Meso- 

 notnra eine Querreihe steifer Borsten. 



" Miinuchen. Weibchen. 



" Liinge : 0,0021 bis 0,0028 Pariser Meter. 



"Aufenthalt: Im Balge des Vesperlilio mnrinns, Plccotns auritus, Synotus 

 barba»tellus, Vesperus discolor, Vcsperugci ]iipistrellus in Milhrcn, an letzteren 

 anch in der Schweiz, sehr hiiulig im absteigenden Grade. Die an den Haarwnrzeln 

 abgelagenten nicht festgemachten weissen liinglich ovalen Eier werdcn vnn dcm 

 Miethticrc im Tageslager ausgcschiittelt, wo sich die Maden eutwickeln." 



At the present time at least eight species of bat-fleas are known from Enrope 

 which are characterised by possessing eight combs on the dorsal segments. 



