88 The Irish Naturalist. May, 
to December last within the burnt areas of Kilhney Hill, 
especially on the southern side, where the largest con- 
tinuous burnt area is found, fully half an acre in extent, 
and occupying a steep, roughly-terraced granite slope, 
facing almost due east. Bracken shoots appeared here and 
there, and two lichens were noted in small quantity, and 
confined to a few rocks near the upper edge of this burnt 
ground. These Miss Knowles has kindly named for me. 
They are the common species Parmelia omphalodes and 
P. conspersa. 
Amongst the 37 phanerogamic immigrants the grasses 
were strongly predominant. Indeed, outside of this Order 
only two or three flowering plants played any important 
part in reclothing the surfaces swept bare by the fire. 
Arranged roughly in the order of their dominance, that is 
to say of the extent of surface occupied, the following were 
the most noteworthy species : — 
Holcus mollis. Poa annua. 
Anthoxanthiim odoratum. Senecio sylvaticus. 
Lolium perenne. S. vulgaris. 
Aira praecox. Sonchus oleraceus. 
The first four of these far exceeded the others in the 
mass of vegetation produced. 
It will be seen that this large group (a) of immigrant 
or invading species is more than twice as large as the other 
two groups taken together, the groups made up of survivals 
and of species of doubtful provenance. This is no more 
than might have been expected, nor is there anything 
unexpected in the botanical constitution of this immigrant 
group. It is made up chiefly of species provided with 
special contrivances for seed dissemination, or with very 
light or minute seeds or spores adapted to wind carriage. 
There are no less than 30 of such species to 15 species not 
specially adapted for dissemination. One of the most 
prominent of these specially adapted species was Senecio 
sylvaticus, which amongst flowering plants is no less 
characteristic of burnt ground than is Funaria hygrometrica 
amongst cryptogams. The vigour, abundance and ubiquity 
