RUMFORD FUND. 357 



1873. Lewis INIorris Riitherfiird, of New York, for his improvements 

 in the processes and methods of astronomical photography. 



1875. John WilHam Draper, of New York, for his researches on 

 radiant energy. 



1880. Josiah ^Yillard Gibbs, of New Haven, for his researches in 

 thermodynamics. 



1883. Henry Augustus Rowland, of Baltimore, for his researches 

 in light and heat. 



1886. Samuel Pierpont Langley, of Allegheny, for his researches in 

 radiant energy. 



1888. Albert Abraham Michelson, of Cleveland, for his determina- 

 tion of the velocity of light, for his researches upon the 

 motion of the luminiferous ether, and for his work on the 

 absolute determination of the wave-lengths of light. 



1891. Edward Charles Pickering, of Cambridge, for his work on 

 the photometry of the stars and upon stellar spectra. 



1895. Thomas Alva Edison, of Orange, N. J., for his investigations 

 in electric lighting. 



1898. James Edward Keeler, of Allegheny, for his application of 



the spectroscope to astronomical problems, and especially 

 for his in\estigations of the proper motions of the nebulae, 

 and the physical constitution of the rings of the planet 

 Saturn, by the use of that instrument. 



1899. Charles Francis Brush, of Cleveland, for the practical de- 



velopment of electric arc-lighting. 



1900. Carl Barus, of Providence, for his various researches in heat. 



1901. Elihu Thomson, of Lynn, for his inventions in electric welding 



and lighting. 



1902. George EUery Hale, of Chicago, for his investigations in solar 



and stellar physics and in particular for the invention and 

 perfection of the spectro-heliograph. 



1904. Ernest Fox Nichols, of New York, for his researches on radia- 

 tion, particularly on the pressure due to radiation, the heat 

 of the stars, and the infra-red spectrum. 



1907. Edward Goodrich Acheson, of Niagara Falls, for the applica- 

 tion of heat in the electric furnace to the industrial pro- 

 duction of carborundum, graphite, and other new and 

 useful substances. 



1909. Robert Williams Wood, of Baltimore, for his discoveries in 

 light, and particularly for his researches on the optical 

 properties of sodium and other metallic vapors. 



