252 HEIDEL. 



as is possible in such matters. As is generally the case in historical 

 questions where a conclusive text is not to be produced, the evidence 

 in this instance must be cumulative and must be presented piecemeal 

 with a running commentary. The judicial reader will follow and weigh 

 the arguments in detail, suspending sentence until the whole case has 

 been presented. 



We may sum up the conclusions which we have thus far reached in 

 the following propositions, (a) Anaximander wrote a treatise, cur- 

 rent in antiquity and accepted as genuine, which was commonly 

 entitled On Nature, (h) There were recorded in the catalogues of the 

 Alexandrian libraries certain other titles purporting to belong to 

 him, such as Tour of the Earth, On the Fixed Stars, Sphere, and others 

 not specified, (c) These titles were one and all of later origin, and, 

 being quite possibly at least in part subtitles, indicate at most the 

 scope of his writing without in any way revealing his predominant 

 interest or creating a reasonable presumption in regard to the number 

 of treatises, one or more, which he may be thought to have written. 

 (d) He was credited with the invention or introduction of the sun-dial, 

 which he employed for scientific purposes, certainly as regards cos- 

 mology or astronomy, probably in the interest of geography, (e) He 

 drew a map of the earth, which was believed to be the first of its Idnd 

 and to entitle him to be considered the first scientific geographer, (f) 

 He is credibly reported to have constructed a ' sphere ' or representa- 

 tion of the heavens, (g) Eratosthenes had knowledge of a geo- 

 graphical treatise attributed to Anaximander, which he did not con- 

 sider sufficiently authenticated to justify him in crediting the father 

 of scientific geography with more than the drawing of a map. 



So far, then, as the geographical treatise is concerned, down to the 

 time of Eratosthenes the verdict must be non liquet, though the 

 admitted interest of Anaximander in the science of geography may be 

 said to favor the presumption that he did not in his book, the existence 

 of which is acknowledged, forego treating a subject so certainly in his 

 thoughts. But Eratosthenes does not mark the close of scientific 

 and antiquarian studies at the Alexandrian libraries in the fields of 

 geography and chronology. The later advances in the science of 

 geography do not concern us here; but it is necessary to direct atten- 

 tion to another scholar whose chosen pursuits especially qualified him 

 to carry forward and revise in detail the historical studies of Eratos- 

 thenes. Apollodorus of Athens, the most illustrious disciple of the 

 great Alexandrian critic Aristarchus, devoted liimself with zeal and 

 learning especially to the antiquarian aspects of geography and chro- 



