458 THEODORE LUDWIG WILHELM VON BISCHOFF. 



ogy," collected for publication in 1873, illustrate the thoroughness of 

 his work, his earnestness of purpose, and liis clear, vigorous style. 



Dr. Ray was not only for more than a quarter of a century the 

 acknowledged head of the alienists in this country, but, deeply inter- 

 ested in all that pertains to the welfare of the human race, he was also 

 one of the leading sanitarians and social scientists of his day, contrib- 

 uting freely from his abundant resources to the proceedings of the 

 American Public Health Association and the Social Science Associa- 

 tion, As one of the directors of the Blockley Almshouse and Hospi- 

 tal in Philadelphia, he was a practical reformer of institution abuses. 

 During his whole professional career, he was one of the foremost in 

 adopting the more progressive views of recent years in treating the in- 

 sane with increasing freedom, and in endeavoring to make their lives 

 as little unlike the lives of the sane as possible. The monument of 

 his life's work is the Butler Hospital, built under his own eyes, beau- 

 tified and improved from year to year as larger experience suggested, 

 from the chapel of which he chose to be buried, and to which he be- 

 queathed the greater portion of his property, subject to his widow's 

 life interest in it. 



Dr. Ray's wisdom, purity of character, and faithfulness to every 

 duty, won the regard of his fellow-men. His unremitting care of his 

 patients gained their affectionate esteem, as his genial manner, wide 

 information, and wonderful powers of conversation captivated their 

 attention and drew them away from their morbid thoughts. During 

 a long and painful illness his courage never failed. During an active 

 life of more than threescore years and ten, in which he often saw 

 the worst side of human nature, his faith in mankind never faltered. 



FOREIGN HONORARY MEMBERS. 



THEODORE LUDWIG WILIIELM VON BISCHOFF. 



Theodore Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff, who died at Mu- 

 nich on December 5, 1882, was born at Hannover, October 28, 1807. 

 His father was Christian Heinrich Ernst Bischoff, a physician who 

 held professorships at Berlin and Bonn, and was the author of several 

 works on medicine and chemistry. The younger Bischoff began his 

 studies with his father, and pursued them at Diisseldorf, Bonn, and 



