NUTRITION LABORATORY. 185 



as pressure of other work permitted, experiments of 4, 6, or 8 hours were 

 made. In all, some 33 of these experiments were carried out. The routine 

 and general plan of the experiments were the same as in the experiments 

 previously conducted at Wesleyan University, but, as the chair calorimeter 

 was used for these later studies, a higher degree of accuracy was obtained 

 than was possible in the Middletown investigations. The results of both 

 series of experiments will be published as soon as practicable. 



METABOLISM OF WOMEN. 



Since so large a proportion of the experiments made in the past have been 

 with men, it was considered of value to make a special study of the normal 

 metabolism of women. For this investigation both calorimeters were used, 

 the experiments in all cases being made 12 hours after the ingestion of food. 

 Most of the subjects were young. The experiments (27 in all) were pre- 

 liminary in character and the investigations will be continued further as 

 opportunity offers. 



INFLUENCE ON METABOLISM OP THE REMOVAL OF THE HYPOPHYSIS FROM ANIMALS. 



Much interest has been exhibited in recent years in the study of the effect 

 upon metabolism of the ductless glands in various parts of the body. In 

 this connection considerable study has been made of the effect of the removal 

 of the hypophysis from small animals, and an investigation of this subject 

 has been begun in this laboratory by Dr. John Homans, of the Harvard 

 Medical School. Dr. Homans has used in his experiments two or three very 

 young dogs, and, with the respiration apparatus for dogs previously men- 

 tioned, has studied the influence of the removal of the hypophysis upon the 

 total metabolism as measured by the carbon dioxide. He first studied the 

 carbon-dioxide output periodically in young dogs, and, after he had estab- 

 lished the control, he removed the hypophysis, in part or wholly, from the 

 animal. Shortly after their recovery from the operation the dogs were 

 placed in the respiration chamber and the metabolism again studied. In all 

 of the experiments careful observations were made of the muscular activity 

 and of the pulse-rate. The urine was also collected daily during the whole 

 period of the experiment and analyzed for nitrogen. With one animal, after 

 the greater portion of the hypophysis had been removed, the effect of an 

 injection of an extract of the gland was studied and preliminary data have 

 been obtained upon this subject. 



COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR STUDYING THE RESPIRATORY EXCHANGE. 



In the plans for investigations originally made for this laboratory, a study 

 of the different methods employed for determining the respiratory exchange 

 was included, and accordingly several types of apparatus for studying the 

 respiratory exchange were made a part of the initial equipment. Among 

 these were the Zuntz apparatus and the Chauveau and Tissot spirometer. 

 In addition, an apparatus was devised and constructed in this laboratory 



