KENNELLY. — ARTIFICIAL LINES FOR CONTINUOUS CURRENTS. 1 27 



List of Symbols employed. 



a = Attenuation-constant of a smooth line, or of an artificial line 



after being corrected for lumpiness (hyps, per km.). 

 a' = The uncorrected attenuation-constant of an artificial line, or the 



attenuation-constant of a smooth line after being loaded (hyps. 



per km.). 

 L = Total length of a line (kms.). 

 L% = A length of line, partial or total, measured from receiving end 



(kms.). 

 / = Length of a section of artificial or real line (kms.). 

 A. = Length of a semi-section of artificial or real line (kms.). 

 $, \a = Hyperbolic angles of a semi-section of line (hyps.). 

 © = Total hyperbolic angle from far end (hyps.). 

 (f), $>' = Hyperbolic angles of a terminal load (hyps.). 

 la, La, L2a = Hyperbolic angles of a section, or length of line (hyps.). 

 r = Linear conductor-resistance of a line (ohms per km.). 

 / = Conductor resistance of a section of artificial line (ohms). 

 p, p' = Conductor resistance of a semi-section of artificial line (ohms). 

 R, R' = Resistance of a central leak in a section of artificial line or T 



(ohms). 

 2 = Resistance of a series load in a line (ohms). 



o" = Resistance of a semi-series load or of a single terminal load (ohms). 

 r" = Conductor resistance of a II (ohms). 

 R" = Resistance of each leak of a II (ohms). 



r ' = Nominal or apparent surge-resistance of an artificial line, un- 

 corrected for lumpiness (ohms) 

 r = Surge-resistance of a smooth line, or of an artificial line corrected 



for lumpiness (ohms). 

 to" , To" = Surge-resistances at receiving ends of terminally loaded lines 



(ohms). 

 Rf, R g = Sending-end resistance of a line respectively freed and 



grounded at far end (ohms). 

 Rf*, Rg* = Sending-end resistance of a line grounded at far end through 



terminal load (ohms). 

 R' n f, R' n y = Sending-end resistance of a line at nth leak, excluding 



same (ohms). 

 R'f n , R' gn = Sending-end resistance of a line at nth leak, including 



same (ohms). 

 R b R l<T = Receiving-end resistance of a line grounded at far end 



directly, or through terminal load (ohms). 

 e m, en, to = Voltage at rath junction, nth junction and far end (volts). 



