158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



the first for defensive, the second for religious, and the third for utili- 

 tarian purposes. . . . Under utility, the provision of meeting places for 

 public use, such as harbors, markets, colonnades, baths, theatres, 

 promenades, and all other similar arrangements in public places." 

 With this compare the use of the same word in 128, 22, and 134, 9. 



12. ut civitas . . . auctoritatcs : "so that not only should the State 

 have been enriched with provinces by your means, but that the great- 

 ness of its power might likewise be attended with distinguished au- 

 thority in its public buildings." Here civitas, the main subject, is 

 thrust forward, and maiestas imperii, "the greatness of its power," 

 refers to it. This phrase does not mean "the majestic empire," nor 

 does it necessarily convey any other idea inconsistent with republican 

 times, for it is found in Cicero, R. A. 131, Sullam, cum solus republicam 

 gubernaret imperique maiestatem quam armis receperat, iam legibus 

 confirmaret. For another example of maiestas referring literally to 

 size, cf. Vitr. 52, 18, in ea autem maiestate urbis et civium infinita 

 frequentia. 



provinciis esset aucta: If strictly interpreted, the completed tense 

 esset aucta seems to show that the provinces had already been added, 

 while the following haberet may indicate that the buildings were not 

 yet finished. Egypt became a province in 30 b. c, and Cyprus in 

 27 b. c. while Moesia was at least an administrative district as early 

 as 29 b. c.20 



14. auctoritates : Here Mortet 21 has this note: "Vitruve revient a. 

 plusieurs reprises, a, propos d'edifices, sur ce qu'il appelle des mo- 

 deles d'architecture, auctoritas, auctoritates aedificii, c'est-a-dire con- 

 formes aux regies de l'art et aux meilleures traditions architectoniques 

 (Voy. l'Index de Nohl, v° auctoritas)." That is to say, he would 

 render publicorum aedificiorum egregias auctoritates by some such 

 phrase as "unsurpassed models of public buildings." 22 But I have 

 carefully examined all the occurrences cited in Nohl's Index, and do 

 not find one in which the word means "a model " or "models." It 

 occurs twenty times besides here. In nine, it is applied to scholars or 

 architects or to their writings, and it signifies their "influence" or 

 "authority" (2, 26; 3, 3; 11, 9; 62, 25; 63, 8; 103, 4 and 5; 173, 

 19; 218, 12). In one, it refers to the severe dignity of a certain kind 



20 On all these, see Marquardt, Rom. Staatsverw. , 2 I, pp. 439, 391, 302. 

 The existence of Galatia and Pamphylia as provinces cannot be certified before 

 25 b. c. (Marquardt, ib., 358, 375). 



21 Rev. Arch., 41, 58, n. 1 (1902). 



22 Marini in his note to the passage had already rendered the word by 

 exempla, without citing any parallels. 



