MORGAN. — THE PREFACE OF VITRUVIUS. 163 



et ducitur. Here the use of the technical term favore is excused by id 

 ipsi loquuntur. And similarly in the very significant quotation by 

 Quintilian (8, 3, 34) from a lost letter of Cicero's we have "favorem " 

 et " urbanum " Cicero nova credit. Nam et in epistula ad Brutum eum, 

 inquit, amorem et eum, ut hoc verbo utar, favorem in consilium advocabo. 

 Obviously Cicero is here transferring the theatrical usage of the word 

 to the political sphere.34 And the same is true of the fourth passage 

 in which he employs it, Legg. 2, 11, quae {leges) sunt varie et ad tempus 

 discriptae populis, favore magis quam re legum nomen tenent. This 

 same idea is found in the author who is the next to employ the word, 

 Sallust: cf. J. 13, 7, in gratiam et favorem nobilitatis; J. 73, 4, generis 

 humilitas favorem addiderat (said of Marius). So in Livy, who per- 

 haps has the word only once, we find regimen totius magistratus penes 

 Appium erat favore plebis (3, 33, 7). And finally I may cite Veil. Pat. 

 2, 54, 2, ingens partium eius {Pompei) favor bellum excitaverat 

 Africanum; cf. also 2, 43, 3; 89, 1 ; 92, 4. In none of these authors 

 is there anything like the condescending tone which is often implied 

 by the English word "favor" or the German "Gunst," and which 

 is what gives offence to Ussing and Schneider. But we may go further 

 and observe that the same restricted interpretation will usually hold 

 good in republican Latin for the related words fautor and faveo. 

 The theatrical sense of fautor (in the form favitor) comes out very 

 clearly three times in the prologue to the Amphitruo of Plautus (67 ; 78 ; 

 79). 35 It denotes a political supporter in Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11, cuius 

 {Pompei) dignitatis ego ab adulescentia fautor; cf. 10, 12, 5; Att. 1, 

 16, 11. In the orations of Cicero it occurs nine times in this sense: 

 e. g., nobilitatis fautor (R. A. 16) ; fautorcs Antoni (Phil. 12, 2). So 

 Sallust, H. 3, 88 (M.), Pompeius . . . sermone fautorum similem fore 

 se credens Alexandra; cf. J. 15, 2, fautores legatorum. And Livy 

 uses it in the sense of "partisans" in 1, 48, 2, clamor ab utrisque 

 fautoribus oritur. The verb faveo occurs earlier than either favor or 

 fautor. It is found in Naevius (ap. Non. 205, 27), but here we have not 

 context enough to help us to its meaning. In another fragment (ap. 

 Front. Ep. II, 10, p. 33 Nab.), which begins regum filiis Unguis 

 faveant, the verb seems already to convey the idea of "support." 

 This comes out clearly in Ennius, Ann. 291 (Vahlen) Romanis Iuno 



34 See Holden in his edition of Pro Sestio, 115, where he gives a note by 

 Reid. And for further illustration cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 9; C. 4, 8, 26; Verg. A. 

 5, 343. 



36 In two fragments of Lucilius we have not enough of the context to 

 assure us of the exact meaning of the word. But see Marx on frag. 269 f., and 

 cf. 902. 



