540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



The impression Eystein made upon Englishmen is expressed by 

 William of Newburgh in the words "vir magnus." 45 



The Thirteenth Century. 



The records of clerical visits between England and Norway accelerate 

 considerably during the century after Eystein, especially in the reign 

 of Norway's great patron of culture, Hakon Hakonarson (1217-1263). 

 We can best group these records under the various forms of church 

 and secular business which drew clerks from one country to the other, 

 such as the interests of related abbeys, trade, embassage, pilgrimage, 

 study. 



Related Foundations. 



Various churches and monasteries in Norway were dedicated to 

 English saints, such as St. Edmund, St. Alban, and St. Swithun. 

 Doubtless many were connected with parent foundations in England. 

 There is certain evidence for two abbeys, Lyse and Hovedo. 



Lysb. — In 1146 English monks from Fountains founded the oldest 

 Cistercian monastery in Norway, St. Mary's at Lyse, south of Bergen 

 (Coenobium Vallis Lucidae). The account is preserved in the 

 Memorials of Fountains. 46 



Bishop Sigurd of Bergen, during a stay in England, learned at 

 Fountains Abbey the rules of the Cistercian order, and determined to 

 establish an abbey at home. Abbot Henry of Fountains sent with him 

 to Norway a convent of his own monks, among them Runulf or Ranulf, 

 under whose direction Lyse was established. Ranulf was first abbot, 

 serving until, " released at last from his charge by the Abbot of Foun- 

 tains, he returned to his own, full of days." 



For sixty-seven years the abbey remained under the immediate 

 direction of Fountains; in 1213 the Abbot of Alvestro in Sweden 

 became supervisor. 47 



Even after this date the monastery probably continued connections 

 with the English mother abbey. Certainly its abbot and monks came 

 often to England, where they enjoyed special privileges. Sometimes as 



45 Note 25, (3). 



46 Printed in (1) Dugdale's Monasticon Anglican urn (newed., 1817-1830), 

 V, 301 ; (2) Langebek's Scriptores Rerum Danin.-irum, Copen., 1776, IV, 

 406 It'.; (3 Memorials of Fountains Abbey, I, Surtees Soc, No. 42, p. 89. 



7 See a general order of the Cistercians, Martene, Thesaurus Nov. Anecdot., 

 vol. IV. col. L313: "Quoniam abbas de de Fontanis in Anglia abbatiam de 

 Lysa in Norvegia secundum formam ordinis nostri competenter non potest 

 visitare, eadem domus de Lysa domui de Alvestro committitur in filiam." 





