168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



mission um ; Cal. 44, commoda emeritae militiae; Nero 32, commoda 

 veteranorum ; Vit. 15, veteranorum iustaeque militiae commoda. See 

 also an African inscription (CIL. 8, 792) : P. Ennius T. F. Epilli 

 N . Quir. Paccianus commodis acceptis ex leg. II Aug* ab imp. Domi- 

 tiano Caesare Aug. Ger. cos. VIII. These gratuities, though not men- 

 tioned in the books on Roman military antiquities under the name 

 commoda, do appear in such books under the name praemia, and 

 this indeed is the term employed b.y Augustus in the Monumentum 

 Ancyranum 3, 31 ff. : militibus quos emeriteis stipendis in sua muni- 

 cipia remisi praemia numerato persolvi (cf. also 3, 37). And Suetonius 

 combines the two words in Aug. 24, alias (legiones) immodeste mis- 

 sionem postulantes citra commoda emeritorum praemiorum exauctoravit 

 (cf. also Aug. 49, cited just above). There is no evidence that these 

 commoda or praemia ever took the form of a stipend paid annually 

 or at more frequent intervals like our military pensions. A lump 

 sum paid at the time of discharge is what is meant by them,44 an d 

 we know that Augustus gave 5000 denarii to praetorians and 3000 

 denarii to legionaries (Dio C. 55, 23 ; cf . Suet. Aug. 49, certam prae- 

 miorum formnlam, more fully cited above). It is also well known 

 that Augustus (at least in his earlier period) had distributed lands 

 to retiring soldiers; cf. Mon. Anc. 1, 19, Us omnibus agros aut pecu- 

 niam pro praediis dedi; and Dio C. 54, 25, 8Ura£e t& tc Irt] oara ol 



TToAirut (TTpareva-OLVTO, kul to. ^pr/fxara ocra Travadfjievoi 7777? orparet'o?, arrl 



T'7j<i \wpa<i r)v aei irore rfTow, \i)\poLVTo. This statement by Dio is made 

 of the year 741 (13 B. c), after which time Mommsen 45 thought that 

 Augustus determined to recompense his discharged soldiers in money. 

 Finally there is no evidence that commoda in this sense were given 

 to retired officers of higher grades, though we may readily imagine that 

 centurions and lower officers received them. We come now to the third 

 usage of the word commoda, still somewhat technical, but approaching 

 more closely to the very common general meaning of "advantages" 

 than does either of the other two. In this usage it denotes special 

 "privileges," and perhaps it does not occur in republican Latin. But 

 it comes out in Suetonius, Aug. 31, sacerdotum et numerum et dignitatem 

 sed et commoda auxit, praecipue Vestalium virginum. Such privileges 

 might include public land or money. 46 In another place Suetonius 



44 Mommsen, Ties. Gestae Aug., 9 and 67; Marquardt, Itom. Staatsv., 2 

 1, 122; 2, 564. 



45 Res. Gestae Aug., 9 and 65. 



46 Marquardt, Staatsv., 2 2, 80 f.; 3, 223 ff. For commoda in this usage in 

 inscriptions, cf. OIL., 6, 971 (a collegium victimariorum in the time of 

 Hadrian), and CIL., 6, 955. 





