LEACH. — NORWEGIAN AND ENGLISH CHURCHES, 1066-1399. 545 



Henry III a letter from King Magnus, announcing the death of Hakon 

 Hakonarson. 92 In 1299 Master Hugh, Canon of Stavanger, served as 

 envoy for King Eric in England, and secured letters of safe-conduct 

 from King Edward, on his return. 93 About 1303 the Bishop of Sta- 

 vanger had goods on ships coming to England. 94 In 1309 Canon Hugh 

 came again to renew old treaties between England and Norway. 95 



Hamar. : — The inland bishopric of Hamar probably sent fewer men 

 to England. In 1265 Bishop Gilbert went as peace commissioner to 

 Scotland, via England, with Chancellor Askatin. 96 



Bergex. — The Bishop and Chapter of Bergen, like the monks of 

 Lyse, were close to the Norwegian Court, and close to England. 



Bishop Sigurd of Bergen, while visiting in England, arranged to 

 found, in 1146, a Cistercian abbey at home. 97 



At least one bishop was an Englishman. In 1194 King Sverri had 

 his chaplain, Martin, consecrated Bishop of Bergen. This man, the 

 saga says, was " English in all his kin." 98 Martin remained bishop 

 until his death in 1216." In 1208 King John of England gave him 

 letters of protection, for self, property, and men. 100 We need not sup- 

 pose this was his only visit to England. 



An Archdeacon of Bergen, Andrew, went to England as royal envoy 

 in 1223, 101 apparently spending the winter there. 102 In the autumn 

 of the next year the English regents sent by Andrew a gift of corn and 

 malt for King Hakon. 103 In the following year, 1225, another Arch- 

 deacon of Bergen, Askeldus, served as diplomat, 104 and performed his 

 mission so successfully that "Henry" wrote the bailiffs of Lynn to 

 receive in a friendly way all subjects and merchants of "his friend," 

 the King of Norway, and allow them free export for three years. 105 



in 1214 and 1222 ordered the Bishop of Winchester to send presents to Norway 

 (R. L. C, I, 168 a, 508 b). 



92 Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, I, No. 2355. 



93 Pat. Rolls, 1292-1301, p. 420. 



94 A. Bugge, Byers Selvstyre, pp. 135 ff., 200 ff. 



95 Rymer, II, 81; Close Rolls, 1307-1313, p. 224. 



96 Magnus Saga Hakonarsonar, chap. 4. 



97 See above, under "Lyse." 



98 Sverris Saga (ed. Unger), chap. 119. 



99 Cf. Keyser, I, 291, 302, 304 f., 314, 327, 331, 337. 



100 R. L. P., I, i, 85 b. 



101 Royal Letters of Henry Third, I, 216-217. 



102 R. L. C, I, 584 a. 



103 Ibid., I, 622 b. 



104 Letter of August 30, R. L. C, II, 60 a. 



105 Another letter of August 30, ibid.; also August 31, Pat. Rolls, 1216- 

 1225, p. 548. 



VOL. XLIV. — 35 



