LEACH. — NORWEGIAN AND ENGLISH CHURCHES, 10G6-1399. 555 



and became Abbot of Abingdon. About 1016 Gutblaug, oldest son 

 of Snorri Gotbi, went to England and became a monk. 172 Probably 

 many Icelanders came to England, like Bishops Thorlak and Paul, for 

 travel and study. The sagas claim that Thorlak, after his death and 

 saintship, was reverenced in Scotland and England as well as the 

 Scandinavian countries. 173 From England they record two miracles. 

 One was performed by a likeness of the sainted bishop set up in a 

 church in Kynn (Lynn I). 174 On the other occasion, merchants in the 

 " English sea " called successfully upon Thorlak to deliver them from a 

 tempest. 175 How many of the travellers who came to England from 

 Norway were Icelanders cannot be determined. Hrafn, as we saw, 

 proceeded to Canterbury after he had spent the winter in Norway. 176 

 The Icelandic priest Ingimund, who was in Norway at the close of the 

 eighties, came to England to trade, in the spring of 1189, and returned 

 in the autumn with a cargo of wine, honey, wheat, and cloth. 177 

 About this time (c. 1195), an Icelander named Marcus lost his wife, and 

 he went abroad for materials to build a church. " After her death 

 Marcus went away from the land, and in Norway he had good church- 

 wood cut. He went south to Rome ; and when he came from the 

 south from Rome, he purchased good bells in England and took them 

 with him to Norway. Afterwards he returned to Iceland with the 

 church-wood and the bells." In Iceland he built a church and gave it 

 the English bells. 178 



The relations of the clergy of Sweden and Denmark 179 to England 



172 Viga Styrs S., in Isl. Sog., II, 307; Dipl. Isl., I, 481. 



173 Bisk. S., I, 124. 



174 Ibid., 357, 810-811. 



175 Ibid., 120, 321. 



176 Above, under "Pilgrims." 



177 Bisk. S., I, 433. 



178 Hrafns S. Sveinbjarnarsonar (in Sturlunga S., ed. Vigfiisson, II, 280). 



179 Consult in general the church histories of Maurer, Helveg, and Jorgensen. 

 In the reigns of Cnut the Great and his sons (1016-1042) the ties between 

 England and Denmark must have been fairly intimate. King Erik (1095-1 103), 

 at the beginning of his reign, fetched monks from Evesham in England to 

 Odense (J. B. Baugaard, Om de danske Klostre i Middelalderen, Copen., 1830, 

 p. 284). About 1100 Aelnoth, an English priest of St. Albans in Odense, 

 wrote a Latin Martyrology of the Danish St. Cnut (fl086) (H. Olrik, Aelnods 

 Skrift om Knud d. Hellige, Hist. Tidssk., 1893, pp. 205-291; A. D. Jorgensen, 

 Bidrag til Nordens Historie, Copen., 1871, p. 190). Saxo says that Anders 

 Suneson, who became Archbishop of Lund in 1201, "searched through Gaul 

 and Italy, and Britain also, in order to gather knowledge of letters and amass 

 them abundantly" (preface to Historia Danica). In the twelfth century, 

 however, the Norwegian church looked to France, whither her clerks went to 

 study. In Paris, as early as 1147, there was a Collegium Dacicum (Bulaeus, 



