.")42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



ings of the same in 1280 to Edward, 60 who highly recommended the 

 abbot in a letter to King Eric. 61 The following year Edward gave a 

 safe-conduct to " Richard of Norway," whom he was sending to Norway 

 on his affairs. 62 



The following century furnishes only one record, — and that of a 

 deed of violence. In 1336 or 1337 Abbot Arne of Lyse was seized off 

 England by pirates, and beheaded with all his crew. 63 



The frequent employment of abbots and priors of Lyse, in the thirteenth 

 century, as ambassadors between England and Norway, may be ex- 

 plained by the probability that Lyse kept in close contact with Foun- 

 tains, and continued recruiting from England. Monks of English birth, 

 who knew the languages and life of both countries, would be much in 

 demand as diplomats. 



Hovedo. — Soon after the foundation of Lyse, English monks from Kirk- 

 sted Abbey in Lincolnshire founded the second Cistercian monastery in 

 Norway, St. Mary's of Hovedo (Caput Insula), in the diocese of Oslo 

 (Christiania). 64 Hovedo, like Lyse, traded in England, though fewer 

 records remain. 65 In 1224 a ship belonging to the Abbot of Hovedo 

 was allowed to embark from Lynn. 66 In 1237 Henry III wrote the 

 Governor of Norwich to exempt all the goods belonging to the Abbot 

 of Hovedo, on board his ship, which had been detained, but to sell all 

 other goods in it and six other Norwegian ships, to settle the King of 

 Norway's debt to an English merchant. 67 This, indeed, shows marked 

 discrimination toward Hovedo on the part of the English crown. 

 About this time the abbot was an Englishman, one Lawrence. In 1233 

 a Lawrence, probably the same, appears in the Rolls, when King Henry 

 orders forty shillings to be given to "Brother Lawrence, a messenger 

 from the King of Norway " for his expenses. 68 In 1246 Hakon Ha- 

 konarson sent the Abbot of Hovedo, with a canon of Nidaros, to the 

 pope to arrange for his coronation. 69 According to Matthew Paris, it 



60 Rymer, I, 577 (two letters), 579. 



61 [bid., I, 587. 



62 



Pat. Rolls, 1272-1281, p. 456. 

 ; Icelandic Annals (Copen., 1847; Christ., 1888), a. d., 1336 and 1337. 

 1 Langebek, Scriptores Rerum Danicarum, IV, 417. 



1 Kirksted, too, may have sent ships to Hovedo. In 1224 the bailiffs of 

 1 j nn were ordered to allow the Abbot of Kirksted to export wool "to foreign 

 parts" (R. L. C, I, 009 b, 634 a). 

 66 R. L.C., I.oooi.. 



Nnt yet printed, but a Norwegian summary is in Regesta Norvegica, 

 Xo. 452. 



5 [ssues of the Exchequer, ed. Devon, I, 513. 



' Diplomatarium Norvegicum, I, No. 30 (Potthast, No. 12330). 



