118 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



Edward C. Zabriskie and the generous cooperation of Miss Rosemary F. 

 Mullen, chairman of the biology department of the Washington Irving High 

 School. The other group was of 148 boys obtained by Dr. R. S. Benedict, 

 of the Stuyvesant High School. A study of the first group was published in 

 School and Society, in October 1921. A second study of the entire collection 

 has been made with the cooperation of Miss Laura Craytor. 



Immigration and Deportation. 



The Congress of the United States is seeking facts to guide it in its immi- 

 gration policy. Mr. Albert Johnson, chairman of the Committee on Immi- 

 gration and Naturalization of the House of Representatives, has asked 

 the cooperation of the Eugenics Record Office, and Dr. H. H. Laughlin 

 has been made a special agent of the committee for the purpose of an investi- 

 gation into the "racial values" of the various immigrating peoples. To this 

 end, facts concerning the racial (or more strictly national) origin of inmates of 

 State and Federal institutions have been secured from 445 such institutions, 

 which includes practically all of the larger and better organized. With the 

 assistance of Miss Alice Hellmer, the results have been tabulated and will be 

 duly reported to the committee of the House. 



Provision is made in the immigration law for deportation of persons who 

 become public charges within 5 years after arrival in the United States. 

 Dr. Laughlin is securing, for the Congressional Committee on Immigration 

 and Naturalization, facts concerning the practical working out of this law. 

 In this cooperative study, returns have been received from 46 of the 48 

 State governments in reference to governmental laws and practices in the 

 matter, and from 638 of the total 698 custodial institutions maintained by the 

 State and Federal governments in the continental United States. 



An analysis of the returns, as made by Dr. Laughlin, shows that a peculiar 

 situation has developed in the United States in reference to the theory and 

 practice of deportation. It is clear that the authority which deals with 

 immigration and deportation is vested solely in the Federal Government, 

 while the care of the socially inadequates of all types, in the United States, 

 both native-born and alien, devolves primarily upon the several individual 

 States. This situation of mixed authority and responsibility requires a 

 system of more carefully adjusted coordination between the Fedeial and the 

 several State governments, if an effective deportation practice is to be 

 developed, with its expected relief to the congestion in State custodial institu- 

 tions, and the prevention of contamination of future American stocks by the 

 permanent introduction of excessive amount of defective alien germ-plasm. 

 Largely on account of a marked failure of the States to secure the deportation 

 of aliens who are deportable under the law, numerous aliens (over 200,000) 

 are maintained by the several State governments. Dr. Laughlin has under- 

 taken an estimate of the cost of maintaining such aliens, and this will be duly 

 reported to Congress. 



Eugenical Sterilization. 



Dr. Laughlin has been engaged for about 10 years in collecting data on the 

 operation of the "sterilization" laws which have been enacted by the various 

 States. These laws not only constitute a remarkable episode in modern legis- 



