10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



but two regular annual broods of this species, the violacea of March and 

 pseudargiolus of May. The individuals which chance to emerge in July, 

 August and September are neglecta, and irregular. But their females lay 

 eggs upon Actinomeris squarrosa, and the chrysalids then resulting give 

 violacea the next spring. That is a peculiar history, and 1 know no other 

 which runs parallel with it. In the case of L. comyntas, one brood suc- 

 ceeds another all the season and there are four or five of them here. And 

 I have found none of the early chrysalids to over-winter. The chrysalis 

 period in comyntas is very short, about eight days, whereas it is from thirty 

 to sixty in case of pseudargiolus where the butterflies emerge the same 

 season.* 



The typical pseudargiolus is also found in Pennsylvania, but neglecta is 

 most common there, and farther north to Canada, except in rare instances, 

 this last is the only one. Mr. Scudder, in the paper referred to, Ent., 

 viii.. gives the history of neglecta in N. England, and it corresponds 

 curiously with the history of. pseudargiolus which I have related, though he 

 derived it almost if not quite altogether from field observation of the 

 butterfly : " The eggs are probably laid in the middle and latter end of 

 June and most of the caterpillars become full grown in the early part of 

 July ; how long a time is passed in the chrysalis is unknown, but the 

 earliest butterflies of the second brood appear about the first of July, and 

 continue to emerge until the first of August . . . and in spite of their 

 great delicacy these insects may still be seen in September; . . . pro- 

 bably the eggs are laid in August, the caterpillars attaining their growth in 

 the latter part of September, and transforming to chrysalids before 

 winter." I have no doubt this conjectural account is in the main a correct 

 one, or in other words, that neglecta behaves at the north just as its other 

 form and other self does here. 



And I fully believe that lucia is nothing but a northern spring form 

 of the same species — that is, it either occupies the place of violacea in 

 some, or is a co-form with it in many, localities. I suggested the relation- 



* Mr. Scudder, Can. Ent., viii., 64. says: "Mr. Abbot, in Georgia, years ago 

 raised pseudargiolus (or what he called argiolus) in Maul) from caterpillars which went 

 into chrysalis the last of April of the preceding year." I do not know where Mr. 

 Scudder learned this, for it is not. so stated in the Insects of Georgia. The text 

 says that the caterpillar was found, and "the first change (/. e., to chrysalis) took 

 place on the 16th of June and the fly appeared nine days afterward." 



