LIVERMOHE. — DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 39 



if necessary to make the representation continuous and complete in 

 respect to time, and to present a complete panorama of history. In turn- 

 ing over the pages we see the growth and decline of nations and tribes. 

 They move along as in a zoetrope or kinetoscope. In this Atlas, History 

 is expressed in three dimensions. To find the state of Europe at a defi- 

 nite time, we only have to turn to the map of the date next following. 

 To find the time that any nation or race first predominated in any spot, 

 we only have to turn the leaves back until the color of that spot changes. 

 The figures near the boundary line, when known, indicate the precise year 

 in which the change occurred. No other atlas and no encyclopaedia has 

 ever attempted to supply complete information of such a character. 

 Specialists have worked on such problems, each in his own sphere, but 

 the results of their work lie buried in hundreds of periodicals and mono- 

 graphs, and have never before been combined and plotted. The objec- 

 tion has been raised that the use of charts takes away all the romance of 

 history which is attached to the personal narrative, but it is by no means 

 claimed that a knowledge of the geographical distribution of political 

 supremacy comprises all that is useful in History. It is, however, the 

 alphabet and foundation of Historical Science. Without it History is 

 incomprehensible. If the reader keeps this Atlas before him and turns 

 over its pages as he reads, the text will be clearer, the ideas will become 

 associated with those already acquired, and the whole subject systematized 

 and photographed on the mind. The Atlas serves las a nucleus for the 

 crystallization of all associated ideas. 



Statistical Science can only be properly handled in cartographic form. 



The Historical Drama represents, in the four dimensions of space and 

 time, the narrative and all the phases of history ; the scenery and cos- 

 tumes, the manners and customs, the ideas and emotions, are presented 

 simultaneously to the eye and the eai-, so naturally as to produce a vivid 

 and lasting impression. If artists and historians would combine their 

 efforts to perfect the Drama, it could be made a powerful auxiliary to 

 Historical Science. 



The science and art of war require as much study and practice as any 

 other science and art. But a soldier may not always be killing. He 

 acquires practice in the elements of his profession in camp and garrison, 

 but he can only apply them to a battle or a campaign by representing it 

 in the field or upon a map. To aid in making this representation of 

 war conform to the reality, all the information about the factors that 

 influence a battle have been expressed in cartographic form by tabulating 

 signs and abbreviations that would be meaningless in themselves, but 



