Strongylura timucu (=S. marina}) 



Bomolochus nitidus: Bere, 1936 (Lemon Bay, Fla. ; 



= Parabomolochus hellones). 

 Lemanthropus chlamydotes: Bere, 1936 (Lemon 



Bay, Fla.; =L. belones). 



Tylosurus acus 



Tuxophorus caligodes Wilson, 1908 (chalimus; 



Beaufort, N.C.). 



Tylosurus crocodilus 



Caligus tylosuri: Pillai, 1961 (Vizhingom, S. India). 

 Caligus malaharicus Pillai, 1961 (Trivandrum, S. 



India). 

 Caligoides laciniatus: Pillai, 1961 (Trivandrum, S. 



India). 

 Lemanthropus cornutus Kirtisinghe, 1937 (Ceylon; 



= L. tylosuri). 



Tylosurus giganteus (=T. crocodilus) 



Bomolochus gibber Shiino, 1957 (Owase, Japan; 

 = Nothobomolochus gibber) . 



Tylosurus itnperialis (= T. acus imperialis) 



Lemanthropus tylosuri Richiardi, 1880, 1885 



(Italy). 

 Caligodes laciniatus: Brian, 1906 (Genoa, Italy). 



Tylosurus incisus (= Strongylura incisa) 



Lemanthropus cornutus: Kabata, 1962 (Gilbert 

 and EUice Islands; = L. tylosuri). 



Tylosurus indicus (=T. crocodilus) 



Nothobomolochus gibber: Vervoort, 1962 (Japan; 

 based on Shiino, 1957). 



Tylosurus marinus {= Strongylura marina) 



Lepeophtheirus edwardsi: Wilson, 1905 (male; 



Woods Hole, Mass.); Wilson, 1908 (Beaufort, 



N.C.). 

 Tuxophorus caligodes Wilson, 1908 (8 chalimi; 



Beaufort, N.C.). 

 Bomolochus concinnus Wilson, 1911 (Beaufort, 



'iH .C;=Parabomolochus bellones). 

 Lemanthropus chlamydotes Wilson, 1922 (Beaufort, 



N.C.;=Z. belones). 

 Lemanthropus sp.: Linton, 1905 (Beaufort, N.C.; 



=Z. belones). 



Tylosurus schistomatorhynchus {=Ablennes 

 hians) 



Lemanthropus chlamydotes: Yamaguti, 1939b 

 (Japan ;=Z. tylosuri). 



Tylosurus strongylurus {= Strongylura 

 strongylura) 



Tuxophorus tylosuri 'Rangnek&T, 1956 (Bombay;^ 



Caligus tylosuri) . 

 Caligodes laciniatus: Rangnekar, 1959 (Bombay). 



COPEPODS AND NEEDLEFISHES 



HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS 

 Host Specificity 



To answer the question, "Are needlefish cope- 

 pods host specific?" we compared statistically the 

 percentage infestation of the various species of 

 needlefishes by different species of copepods. The 

 analysis yielded little evidence of host specificity 

 in the copepods of fresh-water needlefishes — the 

 Ergasilidae (table 3). Rather, a given species of 

 ergasilid is found on the fresh-water needlefishes 

 in its range. Most ergasilids found on needlefishes 

 are restricted to one host species because it is the 

 only one available. When there are more hosts, 

 they are utilized. Ergasilus spatulus is present on 

 both Strongylura marirui. and S. timucu at Tortu- 

 guero, Costa Rica, but on only S. viarina in Lake 

 Pontchartrain, La., where it is the only needlefish 

 present. E. argulus is found on aV. fluviutiUs, a 

 fresh-water South American species of needlefish 

 and also on S. scapuluris., primarily a marine spe- 

 cies, but taken with ^S'. fuviatilis at the mouth of 

 the Dagua River, Colombia. E. coleus was collect- 

 ed at several localities from S. strongylura, S. 

 u.rvilUi, and Xenentodon cancila. X. cancila is a 

 fresh-water species, S. strongylura an estuarine 

 species, and S. urviUii a primarily marine species. 



The worldwide species of needlefishes (table 4) 

 differ sharply in infestation between Ablennes 

 hians, Tylosurus acus, and T. crocodilus on the 

 one hand, and Platyhelone argalus on the other. 



Table 3. — Percentage of specimens of 12 fresh-water species 

 of needlefishes {or fresh-water populations of marine species 

 of Strongylura) infested by 11 species of ergasilid copepods 



407 



