mens (the medial branch of the first pelvic soft 

 ray reaching approximately to the distal end of 

 the depressed anal fin in three specimens). 

 Length of longer pelvic fin ca. 21.9 to >54 

 (>40). Length of base of anal ftn 13.5 to 16.1 

 (14.4). Length of depressed anal fin ca. 24.0 to 

 29.2 (26.7). Lengths of dorsal spines: first 4.3 

 to 7.3 (6.2), second 10.2 to 13.6 (13.2), third 

 13.6 to 17.4 (16.5), fourth 15.8 to 18.7 (17.7), 

 longest dorsal spine the fourth on all specimens 

 examined, last 10.7 to 14.5 (14.1). Lengths of 

 anal spines: first 4.0 to 5.5 (5.1), second 10.7 

 to 14.6 (13.1), third 12.7 to 15.6 (14.8). Caudal 

 fin deeply forked, both lobes produced, but ap- 

 parently never produced into excessively long 

 filaments. Length of upper lobe of caudal fin ca. 

 31.2 to ca. 48.9 (39.0). Length of lower lobe of 

 caudal fin ca. 30.0 to ca. 43.1 (>30). 



Coloration 



Paul J. Struhsaker (personal communication, 

 July 1969) made the following observations on 

 specimens of S. maunalose collected during Town- 

 send Cromtvell cruise 35 at station 12 "light red- 

 dish over upper parts and caudal ; iris pink ; 

 darkish vertical bar just behind operculum and 

 above pectoral ; also dark bar between eyes." 



Jordan (1921) wrote concerning one specimen 

 (designated as "Rhyacanthias, species") "Color 

 plain, probably red in life" and later concerning 

 three other specimens (of "Rhyacanthias, 

 species") ". . . the back is quite dark in color, 

 made so by a multitude of dark punctulations ; 

 the upper fins and caudal also dusky, scales on 

 opercle with a dusky area at base." 



Specimens in alcohol have dark punctulations 

 scattered profusely over body (pigment more 

 heavily concentrated dorsally than ventrally). 

 Most individuals are more heavily pigmented in 

 an area which extends for a few scale rows 

 above and below the anteriormost lateral-line 

 scales. Larger, darker flecks of pigment are usu- 

 ally present in irregular rows on sides of body 

 and in two rows on dorsal surface of body 

 anterior and posterior to dorsal fin. The dorsal 

 fin usually has considerable pigment distally; 

 both lobes of caudal fin usually pigmented ; other 

 fins mostly pale. 



SYNONYMY 



Jordan (1921) in a separate section after his 



description of Rhyacanthias carlsmithi described 

 — under the heading "Rhyacanthias, species" — 

 a small specimen of 3^3 inches (ca. 93 mm.) total 

 f ?] length, which he assumed to be the young of 

 R. carlsmithi. Because Jordan gave the lateral- 

 line scale count as 47 — "as nearly as can be 

 counted," this specimen is probably one of S. 

 maunaloas. 



Jordan (1921) mentioned three other specimens 

 (under the heading "Rhyacanthias, species"), 

 21/2 to 4 inches (ca. 64-ca. 102 mm.) in 

 total [?] length, which he referred with doubt 

 to R. carlsmithi. There are three specimens of 

 Symphysanodon in the U.S. National Museum 

 (USNM 84101), ca. 42 to ca. 63 mm. SL, from 

 Hawaii that have been labeled as paratypes of 

 R. carlsmithi. Because Jordan designated no 

 paratypes and gave no indication that he con- 

 sidered any specimen as a paratype of R. carl- 

 smithi, these are not paratypes, but are probably 

 three of the specimens Jordan (1921) mentioned 

 under "Rhyacanthias, species." These specimens 

 (USNM 84101) are in such poor condition that 

 it is difficult to identify them to species; how- 

 ever, on the basis of numbers of gill rakers they 

 probably are specimens of S. maunalose. 



Fowler (1928) described a specimen, 58 mm. 

 total [?] length, from the Bishop Museum (no 

 catalog number given) under Symphysanodon 

 typus and erroneously stated that it was a para- 

 type of Rhyacanthias carlsmithi. I examined a 

 specimen (ca. 49 mm. SL, 54 + mm. total 

 length) of Symphysanodon maiinalox from the 

 Bishop Museum (BPBM 3982), presumably the 

 specimen described by Fowler, and probably one 

 of the specimens Jordan (1921) mentioned under 

 "Rhyacanthias, species." 



Jordan (1921) gave the catalog number of 

 the specimen of Rhyacanthias of SYy inches (see 

 above) as USNM 24101, but gave no reference to 

 a collection for the three specimens of 21/2 to 4 

 inches. The reference to USNM 24101 is in error 

 (the USNM catalog lists 24101 as Hemile- 

 pidotus sp. from Alaska) ; USNM 84101 must 

 have been intended. Because the three specimens 

 at the U.S. National Museum and the one at the 

 Bishop Museum were collected by the same indi- 

 vidual at apparently the same time and locality 

 as that of the holotype of Rhyacanthias carl- 

 smithi, they are with the greatest likelihood the 



REVISION OF THE GENUS SYMPHYSANODON 



337 



