four small specimens referred to by Jordan 

 (1921) under "Rhyacanthias, species." 



SEXUAL DIMORPHISM 



Seven specimens of Symphysanodo7i maunaloas 

 (62-86 mm. SL) have the pelvic fin well pro- 

 duced (with the medial branch of first pelvic 

 soft ray reaching anterior part of base of anal 

 fin or beyond), whereas in the other specimens 

 (47-86 mm. SL) the pelvic fin, although usually 

 produced, falls short of the anal fin. I attempted 

 to determine the sex of several individuals, but, 

 because of the relatively small size of the speci- 

 mens, had only limited success. It seems, how- 

 ever, that the well-produced pelvic fin is a male 

 characteristic (as it is in S. berry i) . 



COMPARISONS 



Symphysanodon maunalose is easily distin- 

 guished from S. katayamai and S. octoactinns 

 by its more slender body, from S. katayamai by 

 its shorter depressed anal fin, and from S. typus 

 and S. berryi by its possession of fewer pored 

 scales in the lateral line. In addition, the relation 

 of numbers of total gill rakers on the anterior 

 gill arch to pored lateral-line scales may be used 

 to separate specimens of S. maunalose from speci- 

 mens of the other species of Symphysanodon 

 (table 1). 



DISTRIBUTION 



Symphysanodon maunalose has been collected 

 only off the Hawaiian Islands. The only informa- 

 tion available on the depths inhabited by S. 

 maunalose is from one trawl-station off the north- 

 eastern coast of the island of Hawaii (average 

 depth to bottom at this station 130 fath. (238 

 m.)) and one off the southern coast of Lanai 

 (122 fath. (223 m.)). The other collections of 

 this species were made off lava flows from Mauna 

 Loa. (Gosline, Brock, Moore, and Yamaguchi 

 (1954) discussed the fish kill resulting from the 

 1950 eruption of Mauna Loa.) 



ETYMOLOGY 



This species is named for the active volcano 

 Mauna Loa. 



MATERIAL EXAMINED 



I examined 30 specimens, ca. 42 to ca. 86 mm. 



SL. 



Holotype 



USNM 204389, formerly HBL uncataloged, 

 (69 mm. SL), off northeastern coast of island 

 of Hawaii, trawl set : lat. 20°07' N., long. 155°25' 

 W., trawl hauled in : lat. 20°08' N., long. 155°28' 

 W., average depth to bottom 130 fath. (238 m.), 

 Townsend Cromwell cruise 35, station 12, March 

 31, 1968. 



Paratypes 



15 specimens, 62 to 86 mm. SL, from same 

 station as holotype, formerly HBL uncataloged ; 

 USNM 204388 (12, 63-86) and BPBM 9779 

 (3, 62-86) BPBM 9778, formerly HBL un- 

 cataloged, (1, 84) , off southern coast of Lanai in 

 Kealaikahiki Channel, Hawaiian Islands, lat. 20° 

 43' N., long. 156° 49' W., 122 fath. (223 m.), 

 Townsend Cromwell cruise 33, station 25, 



November 4, 1967 UH uncataloged (9, 47- 



62), collected off lava flow from Mauna Loa, 

 Kona, Hawaii, by Gosline, Hayes, Keen, and 

 Ellis, June 7, 1950. A total of 25 paratypes, 47 

 to 86 mm. SL. 



Other Material, Not Part of the Type Series 



BPBM 3982 (1, ca. 49), Alika, Kau District, 

 Hawaii, by Tom Reinhardt, October 1919 (prob- 

 ably October 6) USNM 84101 (3, ca. 42- 



ca. 63), off lava flow from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, 

 collected by Tom Reinhardt, October 1919 (prob- 

 ably October 6). These specimens (BPBM 3982 

 and USNM 84101) were in poor condition and 

 not considered during the preparation of the 

 description of the species. 



SYMPHYSANODON BERRYI 

 NEW SPECIES 



Figure 4 ; tables 1 to 4 



DIAGNOSIS 



Body slender, the depth 22.3 to 28.2 percent 

 SL. First pelvic soft ray noticeably produced in 

 males more than ca. 85 mm. SL, extremely fila- 

 mentous in large males. Anal fin short, length of 

 depressed anal fin 22.8 to ca. 27.6 percent SL. 

 Caudal fin deeply forked, the upper and lower 

 lobes produced into long filaments in large males. 

 Anal soft rays 7. Gill rakers 9 to 12 + 24 to 28— 

 total 34 to 39. Pored lateral-line scales 48 to 52. 



338 



U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



