WIDERSTEN: ANTHOZOA FROM EASTERN COAST OF UNITED STATES 



and sterile. Retractors of diffuse, restricted type. 

 Parietobasilar muscles weak. Cnidom: scapus 

 basitrichs; tentacles basitrichs and spirocysts; 

 actinopharynx basitrichs and microbasic p- 

 msLStigophors; filaments basitrichs and microbasic 

 jD-mastigophors; acontia basitrichs. 



GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.-The col- 

 umn is firm and divisible into scapus and scapulus. 

 It has a somewhat asymmetric appearance, one 

 half of the body being larger than the other. The 

 scapus (18 mm long) is cylindrical in the contracted 

 state and has a reticular appearance with low 

 tubercles formed by longitudinally as well as 

 transversely oriented, low furrows; distally the 

 scapus is provided with 48 rows of larger, some- 

 times acute, tubercles. The color of the remaining 

 traces of periderm is brownish. The proximal part 

 of the body is pillarlike, with the diameter 30 mm. 

 About 70 scapular ridges are continued in the 

 basilar swellings of the outer tentacles. The 

 sphincter is rather short, but very strong, 

 especially orally; it is alveolar and vertically 

 stratified (Figure 8B). The actinopharynx is 

 equipped with 12 longitudinal folds on each side of 

 the two symmetrically arranged siphonoglyphs. 

 The tentacles number about 190; they are rather 

 short, conical, and longitudinally furrowed and are 

 basally provided with abaxial swellings. The me- 

 senteries are arranged in five cycles 

 (6 -H 6 -I- 12 -(- 25 -I- 50 pairs), 12 pairs (including the 2 

 pairs of directive mesenteries) being perfect and 

 sterile. The retractors are of diffuse type, rather 

 strong, and with their, in some perfect mesente- 

 ries, rather restricted pennons near to the actino- 

 pharyngeal wall (Figure 8C, D). The parietobasilar 

 muscles are weak. The column, being somewhat 

 wider distally than proximally, lacks cinclides. The 

 whitish acontia are numerous and often very long. 

 The mesogloeal layer is very thick in the whole 

 column as well as in the mesenteries. 



In the paratype the distal part of the column is 

 in some parts severely damaged; the oral part is 

 also introverted, giving rise to an oral slit, 58 mm 

 long. The length of the scapus in this specimen is 

 40-30 mm; it is provided with low tubercles spread 

 out over the column; distally there are 24 tubercles 

 bordering the scapular ridges. The tentacles are 

 arranged in four cycles (there are about 70 in the 

 outer cycle) and are provided with abaxial swell- 

 ings (Figure 8A). The mesenteries are hexamer- 

 ously arranged in five cycles (the last cycle is, 

 however, not complete in this specimen); prox- 



imally there are 75 pairs in total. The number of 

 perfect and sterile mesenteries was impossible to 

 determine in the paratype, but there are probably 

 less than 12 pairs (probably 8). The wide and 

 peripherally almost membraneous pedal disc is, to 

 a small extent, excavated; its diameter measures 

 90 mm. 



NEMAT0CYSTS.-5ca/)ws: basitrichs ca. 14 x 

 1.6-2.2, 24.5-44 x 3.3; spirocysts (not found in the 

 paratype) 27 x 4.4 - 60 x 5.5. Tentacles: basi- 

 trichs 17-21 X 2.2 (not common), 34-43 x 3.3-3.8 

 spirocysts 38 X 4.4-4.9 - 75 x 8.7. Actinopharynx 

 basitrichs 16 x 2.2 (rare), 37 x 3.3 - 42 x 3.8 

 microbasic p-mastigophors 30 x 4.4 - 39 x 4.9. 

 Filaments: basitrichs 12 x 1.6 - 22 x 2.2, 33 x 

 2.7 - 48 x 3.3; microbasic p-mastigophors 28 x 

 4.4 - 34 X 4.9. Acontia: basitrichs 16 x 2.2 - 

 23 x2.5, 32 X 3.3 - 52 x 3.8 Mm. 



There are some morphological similarities 

 between the above described specimens and Phel- 

 liactis hertwigii Simon as well as Ph. incerta 

 Carlgren. The retractors of the perfect mesente- 

 ries are, however, stronger in Ph. americana, and 

 the number of perfect mesenteries is larger (in the 

 holotype 12 pairs). 



Amphianthus nitidus (Verrill 1899) 



OCCURRENCE.-41°27'N, 66°06'W, 128 m, 1 

 specimen; 41°39'N, 65°50'W, 183 m, 6 specimens; 

 42°10'N, 65°29'W, 163 m, 1 specimen. 



GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.-The col- 

 umn is firm, in the contracted state semispherical, 

 and 9-16 mm high. The color is greyish white with 

 a blue luster. The scapus is, in one of the studied 

 specimens, equipped with eight low, extended 

 tubercles. The diameter of the pedal disc is 12-16 

 mm. There is a distinct limbus. The tentacles are 

 hexamerously arranged in four to five cycles 

 (6 -I- 6 -H 12 -I- 24 -I- a seldom completed fifth cycle), 

 rather short, conical, and sometimes provided with 

 an apical pore. The inner tentacles are larger than 

 the outer ones. There are four to five cycles (57 

 pairs at most) of hexamerously arranged mesen- 

 teries, eight to nine pairs of which (including the 

 two directive pairs) are perfect. All the mesente- 

 ries, except those of the last cycle and at least one 

 of the directive pairs, are fertile. The number of 

 mesenteries is larger proximally than distally. The 

 acontia are numerous and yellow. The distally very 

 strong, mesogloeal sphincter, the actinopharynx, 



873 



