G(j MAMMALIA— APES. 



other as a joint possession. It would perhaps be more just to say, that they 

 recognize no difference between themselves. A very attentive observer, 

 nowevcr, will not fail to discover, between these two boys, who certainly 

 bear the strongest possible resemblance to each other, a marked distinction. 

 One seems to be a little more robust than the other, and even to possess 

 an intellectual superiority over his brother. Perhaps this notion acquires 

 plausibility from the circumstance that the former generally acts as the 

 organ of communication on the joint part with the interpreters. It is ob- 

 served, that this superior brother yields on all occasions to the impulses 

 of the .weaker, giving up his own choice, and preferring the course intimat- 

 ed by the other. The inferior brother then playfully leans against his mate 

 for support, or the one pats the cheek, or presses the forehead, or adjusts the 

 shirt collar of the other, in such a way as betrays the kindliest feelings in 

 each, and the tenderest affection for each other. 



A still more wonderful lusus natural lately existed in the person of a 

 bicephalous girl, born of Sardinian parents. She died recently at Paris. 

 Ritta, or the right side of the infant, had been ill for three days, and her illness 

 did not appear in any degree to influence the health of Christina, the other 

 side ; so that at the moment when Ritta had given up the ghost, Christina 

 was hanging to the breast of her mother, and playing with her face. But 

 suddenly she let go, heaved a sigh, and expired. On dissection, two hearts, 

 touching at the upper surface, but perfectly free at the base, were found in 

 one pericardium. There was only one liver, which was evidently formed 

 by the juncture of two ; but there were two stomachs, and two small intes- 

 tines, the latter of which joined ten or twelve inches above the cacum. The 

 cacum was single, and all below was the same. In the pectoral cavity 

 there was only one diaphragm, which had evidently been formed out of 

 those of two subjects. 



ORDER SECOND — QUADRUMANA. 1 



The order Quadrumana is divided into two families, the Simia? or Apes 

 and the Lemures. 



APES .« 



If the conformation of the body always implied corresponding intellectual 

 attributes, the apes should approach the nearest to man in intellect. But 



1 This order embraces animals with three kinds of teeth, incisors, canines, and molars; 

 four extremities, terminated by hands, with the thumb separate from the otlier fingers, 

 and more or less opposable to them; fingers long and flexible; two 01 four pectoral 

 mamma? ; clavicles complete ; bones of the arm and leg distinct, and susceptible of the 

 motions of pronation ana supination: male organs of generation external; stomach mem- 

 branous, simple; intestines of medium length; a small ececum ; orbital and temporal 

 fossae distinct. 



2 This family is distinguished by a form approaching more or less to that of man ; four 

 inclined incisors in each jaw; nose more or less prominent; nostrils more or less sepa- 

 rated from one another ; two pectoral mammae ; orbital and temporal fossae distinct. 



