FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 71, NO. 3 



the notochord tip (Figure 2A). By about 3 mm, 

 sometimes before, this band differentiates to 

 become two horizontal lines of pigment on the 

 dorsal and ventral body margin, and a third 

 line appears along the notochord (Figure 3A). 

 These three lines persist until metamorphosis. 

 Melanophores line the ventral body margin 

 from the gut to the notochord tip on the small- 

 est specimens (Figure 2A). As development 

 proceeds, this ventral pigmentation shifts from 

 its original position to the distal margin of the 

 interhemal musculature (Figure 3C, D). One 

 prominent ventral pigment spot appears in 

 larvae of about 3 mm (Figure 3A), one-third 

 the distance from the hindgut to the postanal 

 pigment bars. A second prominent ventral 

 spot appears by about 4 mm (Figure 3B), half- 

 way between the first spot and the postanal 

 bars. At the location of these two ventral pig- 

 ment spots and the ventral postanal pigment 

 bar, melanophores form several vertical lines 

 along the septa of the interhemal musculature 

 from proximal to distal margin (Figure 3C, D), 

 beginning at about 5 mm. These vertical pig- 

 ment lines persist until metamorphosis (Fig- 

 ure 4). 



By about 4 mm, characteristic internal pig- 

 ment spots begin to appear along the dorsal 

 margin of the notochord from the abdominal 

 region to the tail. These spots number 3 to 5 at 

 first and may increase to about 8 to 10 by meta- 

 morphosis (Figure 4C). 



Along the dorsal body margin one prominent 

 pigment spot appears at about 3 mm (Figure 

 3A), and another by about 6-7 mm (Figure 3D) 

 between the gut cavity and the tail tip, opposite 

 those on the ventral margin. Up to metamor- 

 phosis these spots may appear as a cluster of 

 melanophores (Figure 3A), a horizontal line 

 (Figure 3C), or vertical line (Figure 3D), ex- 

 tending onto the interneural musculature. An 

 increase in pigmentation occurs along the 

 myosepta on the eyed side as the larva begins 

 to metamorphose (Figure 4B, C). 



One to three prominent melanophores may 

 be seen on the distal edges of the finfold dor- 

 sally and ventrally (Figure 3A, B), on larvae 

 up to about 5 mm. Scattered melanophores of 

 less prominence may be seen in some specimens, 



depending on state of preservation, along the 

 ventral finfold from the anus to the three post- 

 anal pigment bars (Figure 3B). These melano- 

 phores disappear with fin formation at about 

 6-8 mm. When the urostyle turns upward and 

 the caudal fin begins to form at about 5-6 mm, 

 scattered melanophores appear along its base 

 (Figure 3C). Later, melanophores become 

 scattered throughout the caudal fin and some- 

 times delineate its base (Figure 4B). Melano- 

 phores begin to dot both dorsal and anal fins 

 at about metamorphosis (11-12 mm), first 

 appearing in groups (Figure 4C) and later 

 scattered throughout. 



After metamorphosis, concentrated blotches 

 of pigment become prominent along the prox- 

 imal portions of the dorsal and anal fins (Figures 

 7A, 8A). The caudal fin base is delineated by 

 pigment. An increase in pigmentation occurs 

 along interneural and interhemal myosepta and 

 along the lateral line. In adults, this pigment is 

 partially obscured by scales. Pigment along 

 body myomeres tends to disappear, but scale 

 pockets are outlined with pigment which ac- 

 counts for the general darkening of the eyed 

 side. In females, an increase in pigmentation 

 occurs over the ovarian cavity. 



C. urcttfrons - Head Region 



The eyes are heavily pigmented by 2.3 mm. 

 Early stage larvae of 2-5 mm (Figures 2B; 

 5A, B, C) have melanophores scattered along 

 the ventral body margin from the angle of the 

 lower jaw to the cleithrum. This pigment be- 

 comes less conspicuous with age (Figure 6). 

 Clusters of melanophores are usually noticeable 

 on the posteroventral angle of the lower jaw and 

 at the tip of the cleithrum from about 5 mm 

 throughout larval development. Pigment begins 

 to appear over the brain at about 6-7 mm. At 

 metamorphosis, the amount of pigment in- 

 creases on the head (Figure 6C). Concentra- 

 tions of melanophores develop on the tips of 

 the three elongated anterior dorsal fin rays at 

 about 8 mm (Figures 5D, 6A). 



After metamorphosis, a general darkening 

 occurs over the brain, on the lips (Figure 7B) 

 and later over the operculum (Figure 8B). 



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