CLARKE: ECOLOGY OF LANTERNFISHES 



CT at 300 m and two by IK at 500 m. The low 

 numbers of juveniles as well as adults in the 

 trawl catches suggest that rarity of M. seleiioides 

 was not due to avoidance. Small fish (8-13 mm) 

 were caught only in March and June 1971, 

 indicating that this species spawns locally — 

 probably in the spring. 



Sytnbolophorus evernianni 



The larger individuals of S. evermanni are 

 undersampled by the IK. Kuba (1970) showed 

 this in Equatorial Pacific waters. During March 

 1971 CT catches were 28-35/tow as compared 

 with 1-2/tow for the IK at similar depths. The 

 CT tows indicated that S. evermanni was most 

 abundant at 50-100 m at night and showed no 

 differences in size frequency with depth. On one 

 occasion, November 1969, several large indi- 

 viduals were dipnetted at the surface. 



Day tows with the IK caught no individuals 

 above 500 m and most between 600 and 800 m. 

 A few substantial catches, 6-8/tow, came from 

 800 to 900 m. There was some indication that 

 fish <20 mm do not regularly migrate; par- 

 ticularly in September 1970, most of the shallow 

 catches were larger fish, and most small in- 

 dividuals were taken in night tows around 

 800 m. 



Centrobranchns choerocephalus 



Most catches of C choerocephalus were at 

 550-650 m during the day. The night depth 

 appeared to be between 100 and 200 m for both 

 IK and CT samples, but on one occasion, 

 September 1969, seven individuals were dip- 

 netted at the surface. 



LobicDichia gemelluri 



L. gemelluri was never taken in large num- 

 bers. At night, all individuals caught above 

 100 m were <25 mm, and those over 40 mm 

 were caught only below 150 m. The CT series, 

 which caught fair numbers, also showed this 

 trend with significant differences in size- 

 frequency curves. Substantial catches of larger 

 fish were made as deep as 300 m at night, but 

 there were no differences in sex ratio or 



percentage of ripe females between deep and 

 shallow catches of adults. 



There was no evidence that this species 

 avoided the IK better than the CT nor that 

 there was a day and night difference in avoidance 

 of the IK. Also the depth distributions and 

 abundances in full and new moon were not 

 grossly different. 



The pooled IK data indicated that juveniles, 

 <25 mm, were most abundant in the summer 

 (July 1970, June 1971) and least so in December 

 1970. Curiously, there were few juveniles 

 present in September 1970 but many in Septem- 

 ber 1971. Adults were most abundant in March 

 1971 when few juveniles were present. 



hohiuuchit.1 urohinipci 



Only two juvenile L. nrokunpa were taken in 

 this study. This species is apparently nearshore 

 or epibenthic. Adults (48-99 mm) have been 

 taken in bottom trawls at depths between 124 

 and 190 m at night (P. J. Struhsaker, pers. 

 comm.). 



D/aph//s hertelseni 



The identity of this form with the Atlantic 

 D. bertelsoii is not certain since only one large 

 individual was taken. The species was caught 

 on only two occasions. Many were taken in the 

 March 1971 series including 70 in one CT tow 

 at 125 m at night. One each was taken at 300 

 and 400 m with the CT during the day suggest- 

 ing that this species has a shallow day depth. 

 All March 1971 specimens were between 17 and 

 31 mm — most between 17 and 25 mm. The only 

 other individual taken was a 38-mm specimen 

 from 100 m at night during the July 1970 

 series. 



Dijpljns "glandulifer" 



The form designated here as D. "glandulifer" 

 appears to be an undescribed species (R. L. 

 Wisner, pers. comm.). Gill raker counts were 

 mostly 8 + 1 + 15 — 16, lower than those for 

 D. glandulifer from the Western Pacific (Wisner, 

 see footnote 3). Accessory luminescent tissue 

 occurred regularly in specimens over 30 mm 



411 



