GRISWOLD and SMITH: LIFE HISTORY OF NINESPINE STICKLEBACK 



nursery areas, although other factors are also 

 important because there are many areas where 

 sticklebacks are abundant and trout are not. 

 Conversely, no good trout nursery area are 

 known where sticklebacks are not abundant. 



The importance of the stickleback as a food 

 item for the lake trout in the Apostle Islands 

 appears to be substantial while the latter are 

 between 28 and 38 cm long. No information is 

 available, however, to indicate the amount of 

 substitution which would occur if the stickle- 

 backs were less available. 



LITERATURE CITED 



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