Literature Cited 

 Fagerlund, U. H. M., J. R. McBride, M. Smith, and 



N. TOMLINSON. 



1963. Olfactory perception in migrating salmon. III. 

 Stimulants for adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhyn- 

 chus nerka) in home stream waters. J. Fish. Res. 

 Board Can. 20:1457-1463. 



Hara, T. J. 



1970. An electrophysiological basis for olfactory 

 discrimination in homing salmon: a review. J. 

 Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:565-586. 

 Hara, T. J., K. Ueda, and A. Gorbman. 



1965. Electroencephalographic studies of homing 

 salmon. Science (Wash., D.C.) 149:884-885. 

 Idler, D. R., J. R. McBride, R. E. E. Jonas, and N. 



TOMLINSON. 



1961. Olfactory perception in migrating salmon. 

 II. Studies on a laboratory bio-assay for home- 

 stream water and mammalian repellent. Can. J. 

 Biochem. Physiol. 39:1575-1584. 

 OsHiMA, K., W. E. Hahn, and a. Gorbman. 



1969. Olfactory discrimination of natural waters 

 by salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26:2111-2121. 

 Siegel, S. 



1956. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral 

 sciences. McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 312 p. 



SUTTERLIN, A. M., AND N. SUTTERLIN. 



1971. Electrical responses of the olfactory epithelium 

 of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Fish. Res. 

 Board Can. 28:565-572. 



Andrew E. Dizon 



Southwest Fisheries Center 



National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 



P. O. Box 3830 



Honolulu, HI 96812 



Ross M. Horrall 



Marine Studies Program 

 University of IViscotisin 

 Madison, Wl 53706 



Laboratory of Limnology 

 University of Wisconsin 

 Madison, W I 53706 



Arthur D. Hasler 



A TEMPORARILY ANOXIC WATER MASS 

 IN AN ALASKA ESTUARY 



Anoxic marine waters have been reported to 

 exist in the Black Sea, in many fjords in Nor- 

 way, in British Columbia, and in a few tropical 

 basins (Richards, 1965a). Anoxic estuaries in 

 nontropical areas are usually characterized by 

 the existence of a very shallow sill that restricts 

 horizontal water movement and a strong pycno- 

 cline that restricts vertical water movement. 

 When these conditions exist, and a water mass 

 below the biological compensation depth is not 

 mixed with water above or outside of its basin, 

 the dissolved oxygen is eventually depleted and 

 remains so until there is an intrusion of oxy- 

 genated waters. An anoxic condition may be 

 temporary where the isolation of the water mass 

 is temporary. A fortuitous observation of tem- 

 porary anoxia in Little Port Walter on southern 

 Baranof Island, Alaska, in October 1971 sug- 

 gests the possibility of other temporarily anoxic 

 estuaries in Alaska. This is the first reported 

 occurrence of a naturally anoxic estuary in 

 Alaska. 



Powers (1963) provides a detailed description 

 of the physical and hydrographic features of 

 the Little Port Walter estuary (Figure 1). 



The estuary is located near the [southern] tip 

 of Baranof Island in southeastern Alaska. . . . 

 A stream, Sashin Creek, enters the inner end 

 over a small waterfall which marks the limit of 

 salt-water inti-usion. At its seaward end the 

 estuary connects with Chatham Strait and Port 



Walter Bay 



The distance from the waterfall to Chatham 

 Strait is 1.5 kilometers (km.); the distance 

 across the widest part of the estuary is about 

 0.4 kilometer (km.). A peninsula . . . extends 

 from the south shore and divides the estuary 

 into two bays of approximately equal area. Inner 

 Bay and Outer Bay. These are connected by a 

 short channel . . . between [the peninsula] and 

 the north shore. 



The maximum observed depth of Inner Bay 

 was 21 meters (m.) and of Outer Bay, 44 m. 

 (referred to mean lower low water). The depth 

 of . . . [the channel], where a shallow sill is 

 present, was almost 5 m. Because of this sill, 

 Inner Bay has the structural characteristics 

 of a fiord; Outer Bay does not, since it connects 



896 



