MOIISON: Cl.KANlNc; SYMHIOSIS 



/.(iiilal •■illiludc, its liiis soiiiclimcs cfccl. 'I'lir 

 senorila may pick at a few places on llu' jiari- 

 haidi's body — most often around the caudal re- 

 Pfion— -hut usually its attentions are brief, and 

 soon it swims away. With l)lacksmiths and top- 

 smelt, each cleaninji' bout is pi-olonn'cd by the 

 many other individuals that join at the cleaning 

 site to crowd in tiie senorita's path. Nothing of 

 this sort hapiiens with the solit;iry garibaldi, 

 which usually makes no attom|)l to follow the 

 senorita when it Icaxcs, so that each cIc^aninK' 

 bout is relatively brief. After leavin^f one pari- 

 baldi, how(!ver, often IIh' senorita (|uickly ap- 

 proaches another. In agreement with their 

 cleaninji; of blacksmiths and topsmelt, senoritas 

 known to have cleaned jjaribakiis were subs(!- 

 quently seen cleaning: only other members of that 

 same species. This was true durinjif sevei'al 

 short-tei'm observations, and also when one in- 

 dividual WHS followed foi- 1.^) min, ;u:d a record 

 of its activity was taped; this particulai' senori1;i 

 initiated cleaniri^ activity witii 2(i ditferent gari- 

 baldis durinjr the observation period as it swam 

 over an irregular cour.se amonjf the rocks in an 

 area where blacksmiths, topsmelt, anti other spe- 

 cies also were present. Kach cleaninK bout lasted 

 a mean of IOs(^c (raii^e 7-25 sec) , lolaliuK 'I min 

 15 sec of the 15-min period. In nine of these 

 bouts, th(! senorita inspected tli(! garibaldi liut 

 did not pick at its body. In the other 17 bouts, 

 the senorita picked at the ^Jiribaldi's body a 

 total of 42 times, or a mean of about 2.5 times 

 per bout. 



All cleaninK of K'ai'ibaldi that I observed was 

 directed at the external body surface. 



ScnoriUi-halfmooii inlrracl Johk. — Half moons, 

 which may exceed a length of 250 mm, usually 

 swim hijrh in the water column, fre(|uently in 

 lar^e aKKrej^ations, but just as often in small 

 Kroui)S or as solitary individuals. They are often 

 abundant amonj,' risinjr .stands of jfiant kclj). 

 Th(Mr omnivf)rous diet, which includes a variety 

 of benthic al^ae, alon>; with bryozoans, sponges, 

 and crustaceans (I^imbauKh, l955;Quast, 1908), 

 indicates bottom feeding; however, much of thi.s 

 material is taken in midwater as drifting debris. 



donsiderinj,' their larpe numbers in many 

 s()uth('rn (California coastal areas, halfmoons are 



not, p;ii'ticul;irly abund.inl in the principal study 

 areas. .Still, they were fre(|uently seen bein^' 

 cleaned by senoiit.'is dur'in;^ this study. When 

 iii.iny halftnoons were present, cleaninK hy the; 

 senorita progressed much as described above; for 

 blacksmiths. Yet when just one halfmoon was 

 present, a fre(|U(!nt occurrence, the cleaning: 

 bouts were brief like tho.se described above for 

 the ffaribaldi. At k^ast one halfmoon was i)res- 

 ent in all the mixed-species groups that I re- 

 corded when collectinji the data [X'esented in 

 Tabic 1. I .saw seiioritas clean only the external 

 body surface of halfmoons. 



One scMloi-ita, seen cleaning a halfmoon. was 

 kept under surveillance for 12 min before con- 

 tact was lost. As the observation period began, 

 the senorita picked at the halfmoon once and 

 th(ni moved away, swinnniuK slowly and alone, 

 2 or :] m over the sub.strate. After an uiuivent- 

 ful :'. niin, the senorita api)roached a second h.df 

 moon, which promptly hovered in a head-down 

 jitlitudc. l''or !.'"> sec the senorita clox'ly in- 

 sp<!ct(Hl this halfmoon and picked at its body 

 three times before swimminj": away. It then 

 continued on alone for the remaining 8-( min 

 that it was under obsersation, still swimminj.r 

 slowly over a wide semicircular course 2 or U m 

 above the rocks. During this time it pa.s.sed 

 many different (ish without showing interest, 

 but it did not pa.ss another halfmoon. It did 

 pick at thr(K! did'eixnit pieces of floatinj^ debris 

 but rejected all three immediately. 



Si'vorHfi-senoritd hitcraclioiis. Scuor'dnH 

 themselves are cleaned by other members of 

 their own species. Despite the large numbers 

 of .senoritas that usually are present, I saw no 

 groups converging on cleaning individuals, as 

 regularly occurs with blacksmiths, topsmelt, and 

 other abundant species. In most of the .seno- 

 rita's intraspecific cleaning interactions, the 

 cleanei- attends just a single individual, which 

 usually hovers motionless in a normal horizontal 

 attitude!, <!xc(!pt that its fins are erected; some- 

 times the mouth is opciii wide and gill covers 

 are distended, but I saw senoritas clean only 

 the external body surface of these fish. There 

 was no indication that senoritas which clean 

 other senoritas ;dso clean othei' species. I fol- 



501 



