FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 69. NO. 4 



are indications that the identification of individ- 

 ual fish based on target strenjjth vs. frequency 

 curves is possible for limited cases. 



The two goals of fish target strength measure- 

 ments, namely quantification and identification 

 of fish schools, have not yet been attained. The 

 quantification of fish schools and the identifica- 

 tion of many individual fish should be ho]iefully 

 accomplished in the next few years. The iden- 

 tification of schools will require the information 

 on quantification of schools and identification of 

 individuals, and therefore will probably not be 

 accomplished for some time. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Berg, L. S. 



1947. Classification of fishes, both recent and fossil. 

 J. W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Mich. 517 p. 

 .Bektin, L., and C. Arambourg. 



1958. Supre-ordre des Teleosteens. In P.-P. Grasse 

 (editor), Traite de Zoologie, Agnathes et Poissons 

 1.3: 2204-2500. Ma.sson et Cie., Paris. 

 BOYLES, C. A. 



1969. Preliminary report on the mathematical the- 

 ory of the multiple scattering of an acoustic pulse 

 from a random collection of volume scatterers 

 with application to scattering from fish schools. 

 Tracor, Inc. Doc. RL/69-074 U, Rockville, Md., 

 83 p. 



Gushing, D. R., F. R. H. Jones, R, B. Mitson, G. H. 

 Ellis, and G. Pearce. 



1963. Measurements of the target strength of fish. 

 J. Br. Inst. Radio Eng. 25, p. 299-303. 

 DiERCKS, K. J., and T. G. Goldsberry. 



1970. Target strength of a single fish. J. Acoust. 

 Soc. Am. 48(1, Part 2): 415-416. 



FOLDY, L. L. 



1945. The multiple scattering of waves. I. General 

 theory and isotropic scattering by randomly dis- 

 tributed scatterers. Phys. Rev. (Second Serie-s) 

 67: 107-119. 

 Hashimoto, T., and Y. Maniwa. 



1955. Ultrasonic reflection loss of fish shoal and 

 characteristics of the reflected wave. Tech. Rep. 

 Fishing Boat No. 6, p. 113-139. [English transl. : 

 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fish- 

 eries Laboratory, Lowestoft, England (1957)]. 



1956a. Study on reflection loss of ultrasonic wave 

 on fish-l)ody by millimeter wave. Tech. Rep. Fi.sh- 

 ing Boat No. 8, p. 113-118. [English tran.sl.: 

 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fish- 

 eries Laboratory Lowestoft, England (1957)]. 



1956b. Study on reflection loss of ultrasound of mil- 

 limeter wave on fish-body, (2). Tech. Rep. Fish- 

 ing Boat No. 9, p. 165-173. [English tran.sl. : Min- 

 istry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fish- 

 eries Laboratory, Lowestoft, England (1957)]. 

 Haslett, R. W. G. 



1962a. Measurement of the dimensions of fish to 

 facilitate calculations of echo-strength in acoustic 

 fish detection. J. Cons. 27: 261-269. 



1962b. The back-.scattering of acoustic waves in 

 water by an obstacle II: Determination of the 

 reflectivities of solids using small specimens. 

 Proc. Phys. Soc. 79: 559-571. 



1962c. Determination of the acoustic scatter pat- 

 terns and cross-sections of fish models and ellip- 

 soids. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 13: 611-620. 



1962d. Determination of the acoustic back-scatter- 

 ing patterns and cross sections of fish. Br. J. 

 Appl. Phys. 13: 349-357. 



1964. The acoustic back-scattering cross sections 

 of short cylinders. Br. .J, Appl. Phys. 15: 1085- 

 1094. 



1965. Acoustic backscattering cross sections of fish 

 at three frequencies and their representation on a 

 univei-sal graph. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 16: 1143-1150. 



1969. The target strengths of fish. J. Sound Vib. 

 9: 181-191. 

 Jones, F. R. H., and G. Pearce. 



1958. Acoustic reflexion experiments with perch 

 (Perca fliiviatilis Linn.) to determine the pro- 

 portion of the echo returned by the swimbladder. 

 J. Exp. Biol. 35: 437-450. 

 Love, R. H. 



1969. Maximum side-aspect target strength of an 

 individual fish. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46: 746-752. 



1971. Dorsal aspect target strength of an individ- 

 ual fish. J. .A.coust. Soc. Am. 49: 816-823. 

 .McCartney, B. S., and A. R. Stubbs. 



1970. Measurements of the target strength of fish 

 in dorsal aspect, including swimbladder resonance. 

 In G. B. Farquhar (editor). Proceedings of the 

 International Symposium on Biological Sound 

 Scattering in the Ocean, p. 182-214. Maury Cen- 

 ter for Ocean Science Report 005, Preliminary ed. 



Midttun, L., and I. HOFF. 



1962. Measurements of the reflection of .sound by 

 fish. Rep. Norw. Fish. Mar. Invest. 13(3), 18 p. 

 Shishkova, E. V. 



1958. An investigation of the acoustic properties 

 of fish. Tr. Vses. Nauchn.-issled. Inst. Morsk. 

 Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr. 36: 259-269. [Engli.sh 

 transl.: Associated Technical Services, Inc., East 

 Orange, N.J. (I960).] 



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