AKNOLD — THE PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGEAPHY OF SAN PEDRO. 



33 



Raised Beach Formation. — The recently raised beach on the north end of 

 Deadmau Island (see diagram B, Plate XXII) shows that the period of uplift which 

 followed the deposition of the upper San Pedro beds is not yet finished. This raised 

 beach contains many fossil shells in a perfect state of preservation, all of them retain- 

 ing their original color, which suggests how recently this uplift has taken place. 



List of Fossils from the Raised Beach, North End of Deadman Island. 



Cryplomija cali/oraica 

 Donax Icevigala 

 Lcevicardhun substriatum 

 Lucina cnlt/ornica 

 Liiclna nntlalli 

 ilacoma inquinala 



Acmna spectrum 

 Acmcea pelia 

 Bulla nebulosa 

 Calliostoma canaliculatum 

 Cerithidea californica 

 Chlorostoma funehrale 



PELECYPODA. 



Macoma nasuta 

 Macoma secla 

 Mactra catilliformis 

 Mactra falcata 

 Mytiius edulis 

 Pecten iatiaurilus 



GASTROPODA. 



ColumbeUa gausapala 

 ColumbiUa var. carinaia 

 Conns californicus 

 Crepidula rugosa 

 Credbulum spinosum 

 Dr'dlia var. penicillnta 



Peclen var. monolimeris 

 Pecten ventricosus 

 Petricola carditoides 

 l^apes staminea 

 Tellina bodegensis 



Fissurella volcano 

 Xassa fossata 

 Nassa var. cooperi 

 Olivella biplicata 

 OliveUa intorta 



These species are all found living in the waters adjacent to Deadman Island 

 at the present time, and the raised beach specimens are in nearly as good a state of 

 preservation as the living shells. 



5. Post-Pleistocene Deposits. 



Overlying the Pleistocene of Deadman Island, and all along the San Pedro 

 terrace, is soil containing many shells, in fact, in places; it is made up almost entirely 

 of shells. These are the remains of ancient Indian kitchen-middens. Ashley ^ 

 describes as Quaternary a layer of shells found in the lower terrace of San 

 Pedro Hill. After examining the fossils collected by him, and also visiting the 

 locality from which they came, the writer is convinced that these deposits are simply 

 the shells brought there by the Indians, for the association of species is not such as 

 would be found at any one place on the beach; rocky shore and lagoon shells being 

 found in about equal quantities. At every place where these shell deposits in the soil 

 have been examined by the writer they have been found to contain pieces of charcoal, 

 bones of mammals, and other evidences of refuse heaps. These kitchen-middens are 

 common at many places along the coast. Those at Port Harford are over six feet in 

 thickness and have been mistaken by some collectors for Pleistocene strata. 



The shells in these kitchen waste heaps are of a kind that would be used for 

 food, and include such species as Haliotis cracheroidii, Pecten aciuimlcatus, Cliione 

 succincta, Tivela crassatelloides, Tapes staminea, Saxidomus aratus, etc. All of the 

 specimens of Haliotis so far recorded from the Pleistocene, with the exception of one 



1 The Neocene Stratigraphy of the Ssuta Cruz Mountains of California. By George H. Ashley. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser., 

 Vol. V, 1895. pp. 353-356. 



( 5 ) September 25, 1902. 



