JOHNSON and McLAIN: TELECONNECTIONS BETWEEN OCEANS 



60' 



lA 



50'^ 



40 



e 



30H 



2(? 



Itf 



3. 22. 4 



0.33. 5 1 .30. 71. 03. 5 



FEBRUARY 1949 



+ + +- --_:- 



1.00.9 0.30.7!o.90.8 1.71.3 



+ + + +'-'--. 



2.42.0 2.00.3 0.90.7 0.91 .4 



+ + + + - - - 



3.23.7 2.31.1 0.01.0 1.91.5 



+ + + - -- _ -- 



2. 1. 3 0.6: 0.3 0.50. 9 1.91.1; 0.1.-;^ 



__ O.f'b.7 



,::^ ^2.0 0.90.2 0.3 



+ /+ + + + 

 1.62.5 1.0 0.40.9 0.3 

 + + + + + 



0.4 



0.0 0.91.00.9' 1.5' ,0.9:T.-e\ J 1.3 1.5 2.01.50.4 0.2 0.00. 



- - i .^,< \ \ + + + + . _  - : _ 



1.21.1 0.7 0.30.1 







0.4 



!• 3 0.6; 0.8 1.0 0.80.7 



" ' " ' "  1.0 0.2 



1.0, 



•0. I \ 1-1 1.1 1.41.00.2 0,4,0.20,7:0.6 



1.0 ' 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.10.30.4 0.4 0.2:0.8 0.0 



+ ++---..--- 



1.2 1.20.5 0.7 0.71 on «;o >^0.&0.4:n.3 



o 'o 'o 'o 'o 'o 'o 'o 'o 'e 'o 'e 



160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 



60' 



50 



TT" 



7y 



40- 



30- 



2tf 



10 



- 1.2 0.& 



+ I + ! + I + i + 



0.0 0.8 1.20.9 0.80.8 



FEBRUARY 1958 



++ ++ +>+ 



D. 20. 3 0.10.4 0.71 .2 1.2 1.0 



- - - + + + + 

 0.8 0.5 0.40.3 0.10.4 0.8 1.0 



- , - . + + + + 

 0.6 1.0 1.00.6 0.60.9 1 .4 1 .8 



_,--,+ + + + + 



1.2 1.0 0.30.110.30.7 1.22.02.0r\ 

 - + + , + + _, + '-',+, 



J^ 0.8O.9 

 _ <=r7 + ^+ v+ + + 

 "^^ 0.30.3 0.2 1.01.4 



1.40.80.4 0. 40. 10. 4 



,2.0.1.00.4:0.2:0.0,0.1 

 0.8,0.6; 0.?0. 2 0.60.7 0.70.21.9 ?v8!\ ; 1 ^ 1 .71 .2 2.5i I'si '20*9 o'§io"6b'4 



+ + + + 



+■-■: +'., 



10 2 0.7100908 " ' 2,2 2,21,9. O'J :Q.60.4 '2.5; l.00.60,.,2. iO;3IO. 30.2 



0.2 0.5 " 0.6 1.01.5 0.80.91.2 0.50.5 0.20.0^ O.frQ.l 0.10.10.4 0.5 0.10.6 



-+ ++ + + + + + + + 



0-g ",9-5; ' 



p.O 0.2^0.6 0.4-1.4 0.4^ 1.01.3p.7 0.6^Q.9n..3 



160' 150" 140" I30° 120* IIO" 100* 90° 80* 70° 60° 50" 



Figure 6. -Sea-surface temperature anomalies (°C) February 1949 and February 1958 in 

 eastern Pacific and western Atlantic oceans. Shaded areas colder than 20-yr (1948-67) mean. 



1958-69 period and the seasonal temperature 

 departure in winter was greater than 2°C in some 

 places. Apparently, this was caused by less advec- 

 tion of cold subarctic water southward. 



DISCUSSION 



The authors have attempted to show that 

 development of sea-surface temperature 

 anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico and along the U.S. 

 eastern seaboard in wintertime may be related to 

 the origin of the overlying air masses. In situa- 



tions where trough development occurs in the 

 upper air circulation over the eastern United 

 States, cold continental air from North America is 

 likely to flow over the Gulf and waters off the 

 eastern seaboard causing excessive loss of heat 

 through evaporation and conduction of sensible 

 heat. Conversely, in situations where a ridge 

 develops, warm air masses predominate, and loss 

 of heat from the ocean is retarded. In fact, as 

 Figure 4 indicates, the water in some winters may 

 cool very little. Furthermore, an attempt has been 

 made to show that the development of these 



313 



