MATERIALS AND METHODS 



Zooplankton were collected along the Newport 

 Hydrographic (NH) line, lat. 44°40'N. We chose 

 this line because extensive hydrographic data are 

 available from cruises made since 1960. Station 

 labels NH 1, NH 3, NH 5, and NH 10 refer to 

 distances in nautical miles from shore and are 

 approximately 2, 5, 9, and 18 km from the beach. 

 Figure 1 is a map of the study area. 



Zooplankton samples were collected with 20-cm 

 "Bongo" nets without an opening-closing 

 mechanism. To construct the net frame, two 20-cm 

 diameter x30-cm PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 

 cylinders were bolted to either side of a pivoting 

 wire clamp. When mounted on the towing cable 

 the net frame was free to move in the vertical 

 plane about 120° of arc, and it could rotate 

 horizontally about the towing cable. 



The two plankton nets were 145 cm long and 

 were constructed of NITEX^ nylon with mesh 

 aperatures of 505 and 240 fim. The ratio of net 

 mesh area to net mouth area was about 11.5:1 for 

 the 240-/xm net. The cod ends were 9-cm diameter 

 X 16-cm PVC buckets with stainless steel mesh 

 screens cemented to laterally positioned filtering 

 windows. The two cod ends were fastened about 15 

 cm apart with a stainless steel strap which kept 

 the nets from wrapping about the cable while be- 

 ing towed. Tsurumi-Seiki Kosakusho flowmeters 

 were mounted off-center in each net mouth. Tows 

 were made obliquely over the entire water column 

 using either a V-fin or Kite-Otter depressor. A 

 time-depth recorder was used to record the towing 

 track. Samples were preserved with 10% buffered 

 formaldehyde solution. 



In the laboratory, samples were poured into 

 500-ml pharmaceutical graduates and allowed to 

 settle. Several hours later the settled volume was 

 read. Water was then decanted off or added to 

 make a diluted volume of five times the settled 

 volume. Aliquots for counting were removed from 

 this volume with a 1-ml Stempel pipette, after the 

 animals were suspended by agitation with a small 

 spatula. 



Animals were enumerated with the aid of a 

 binocular dissecting microscope at 25 x mag- 

 nification. Five aliquots were drawn from each 

 sample. Taxa were counted in the first and suc- 

 cessive aliquots until 50 in a category were 



^Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. 



enumerated. These counts were multiplied by 

 appropriate factors to arrive at a number of in- 

 dividuals in a category per five aliquots. A com- 

 puter was used to convert these raw data into 

 number of individuals per cubic meter and to carry 

 out much of the summary data analysis. 



All adult copepods were divided by sex and 

 identified to species. Two morphs of the genus 

 Metridia were seen and were separated on the 

 basis of shape of the prosome in lateral view. The 

 Metridia pacifica type is more robust and has a 

 steeply sloping forehead, while the M. lucens type 

 has a much less sloping forehead. Detailed 

 morphological study of the two types has not been 

 done. Copepodite stages were identified for all 

 species except those of Clausocalanus. Only the 

 nauplii of Calanus sp. were distinguished. Both 

 euphausiids and cladocerans were identified to 

 species. All other holoplanktonic taxa were 

 grouped (e.g., amphipods, ostracods, medusae, 

 ctenophores, chaetognaths, etc.). Meroplankton 

 were counted as general categories: barnacle 

 nauplii, crab zoea, bivalve veligers, etc. The crab 

 larvae were not counted because they are being 

 studied by R. Gregory Lough, School of 

 Oceanography, Oregon State University. 



Surface temperature was measured at all sta- 

 tions and a surface salinity sample was gathered 

 at nearly all stations. Bottom salinity samples 

 were taken on many cruises. Bathythermograph 

 traces were taken at most stations. 



Hourly wind data were supplied by William 

 Gilbert, School of Oceanography, Oregon State 

 University. They were gathered by the National 

 Weather Service, NOAA (National Oceanic and 

 Atmospheric Administration) from a recording 

 anemometer located on the south jetty off New- 

 port, Ore., and are stored on magnetic tapes as 

 north-south and east-west components. We deter- 

 mined the resultant vector from the daily mean 

 components and constructed progressive vector 

 diagrams (PVD's) for each upwelling season. 



RESULTS 



Hydrography and Wind Data 



We have compared our surface temperature and 

 salinity data to Pillsbury's modal cell. Data 

 collected during the upwelling seasons 1969-71, 

 from NH 1, NH 3, and NH 5 are shown in Figure 2. 

 None of our observations were part of Pillsbury's 

 data. Striking differences between upwelling 



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