and fewer total anal elements (18-22, modally 20 

 vs. 19-23, modally 21 or 22). Sarda chiliensis also 

 has the greatest number of palatine teeth (9-22 vs. 

 7-14 in S. australis, 8-21 in S. sarda and S. orien- 

 talis) and the widest supramaxillary (slightly 

 wider than in 5. sarda and S. australis, much 

 wider than in S. orientalis). Sarda chiliensis 

 resembles S. orientalis and differs from S. sarda 

 and S. australis in always lacking teeth on the 

 vomer; S. chiliensis and <S. australis both have a 

 short hyomandibular spine that does not project 

 beyond the condyle. 



Morphometrically (Tables 1, 19), Sarda chilien- 

 sis has the shortest maxilla (463-489 thousandths 

 of head length in the southeast Pacific population, 

 460-503 in the northeast Pacific), much shorter 

 than S. australis (503-539) and S. orientalis 

 (510-529) and the North American population of S. 

 sarda (503-529), but overlapping with the eastern 



Table 19. -Comparison of morphometric characters in two 

 populations of Sarda chiliensis, northeast Pacific (S. c. lineolata) 

 and southeast Pacific (S. c. chiliensis). First set of numbers are 

 measurements expressed as thousandths of fork length, second 

 set as thousandths of head length. 



Northeast Pacific 



Southeast Pacific 



Atlantic populations of this species (497-511, 

 494-523). It has a shorter first dorsal base (267-314 

 thousandths of fork length) than S. australis 

 (315-343) and differs from the northwest Pacific 

 population of S. orientalis in snout-second dorsal 

 and pelvic origin to vent distances. 



Types of Nominal Species.— Pe/am^/s chiliensis 

 Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831:163. 

 Holotype: MNHN A.5608; 672 mm FL; Chile, Val- 

 paraiso; d'Orbigny. Type previously considered by 

 Bauchot and Blanc (1961), Blanc and Bauchot 

 (1964, photograph-fig. 21), and Collette (1966). 

 Counts: dorsal fin rays XVIII + 14 + VIII; anal fin 

 rays 12 + VI; pectoral fin rays 24; gill rakers miss- 

 ing; upper jaw teeth 23; lower jaw teeth (left- 

 right) 16-19. 



Pelamys lineolata Girard 1859:106. Holotype: 

 USNM 688; 266 mm FL; California, San Diego; A. 

 Cassidy. Counts: dorsal fin rays XIX + 14 + VIII; 

 anal fin rays 12 + VII; pectoral fin rays (left-right) 

 26-26; gill rakers 9 + 1 + 17 = 27; upper jaw teeth 

 (left-right) 23-22; lower jaw teeth 18-19; palatine 

 teeth 18-17; vertebrae 24 + 21 = 45; lamellae in 

 nasal rosette 26. 



Sarda stockii David 1943:31-33, pi. 4. Holotype: 

 LACM 1035/1059A; originally Calif. Inst. Technol. 

 10039; ca. 522 mm FL; California, Santa Monica 

 Mountains, quarry near Mulholland Drive, locality 

 1035; Modelo Formation; Upper Miocene. Counts 

 from holotype: dorsal fin rays XVIII or XIX + 13 or 

 14 + VI; anal fin rays 12 + VI; vertebrae 24 or 

 25 + 21-22 = 45 or 46. Caudal rays cover the hypural 

 plate; teeth not visible; lower jaw with anteroven- 

 tral notch similar to Sarda. 



Distribution.— Sarda chiliensis is restricted to 

 the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its range is divided into 

 north and south temperate populations by a 

 tropical population of S. orientalis (Figure 70). The 

 southern S. chiliensis chiliensis was originally 

 described from Valparaiso, Chile, and has been 

 reported as far south as Talcahuano by Buen 

 (1958) and Valdivia at lat. 39°48'S, long. 79°13'W 

 by Kuo (1970). Its northern limit is at Mancora, 

 Peru (Ancieta 1964), at lat. 4°09'S, long. 81°01'W, 

 immediately south of the Gulf of Guayaquil, 

 Ecuador. Most of our material comes from near 

 Callao, Peru. 



The northern subspecies, S. c. lineolata was 

 originally described by Girard (1859) from San 

 Diego, Calif. It regularly reaches south to Mag- 

 dalena Bay, Baja California (Radovich 1961; CAS 



602 



