number of characters (Table 17). It differs from 

 the other species of Sarda in having the lowest 

 number of gill rakers (8-13 vs. 16-27); a very 

 narrow supramaxillary; the dorsal projection of 

 the ectopterygoid slightly expanded versus point- 

 ed; only a trace of a depression in the position of 

 the elliptical ceratohyal window; no depression on 

 the ventral surface of the proximal portion of the 

 glossohyal; the haemal postzygapophyses of the 

 last precaudal vertebra and the haemal 

 prezygapophyses of the first caudal vertebra 

 abutting against each other; gall bladder not visi- 

 ble in ventral view between the intestine and 

 spleen; and a narrower and longer vertical wing to 

 the pelvic girdle. Sarda orientalis is similar to S. 

 sarda in having a long hyomandibular spine that 

 projects beyond the condyle and in having a low 

 number of palatine teeth (8-19 vs. 8-21). Sarda 

 orientalis is sharply differentiated from S. 

 chiliensis in having fewer gill rakers, a much 

 narrower supramaxillary, and also in having 

 fewer larger teeth (upper jaw 12-20, x 15.5 vs. 

 18-30, X 23.5; lower jaw 10-17, x 13.0 vs. 14-25, x 

 19.2). 



Morphometrically (Tables 1, 20), Sarda orien- 

 talis is generally similar to the other species of 

 Sarda. It does have a longer maxilla (141-149 and 

 146-156 thousandths of fork length in the north- 

 west and eastern Pacific populations, respectively) 

 than S. chiliensis (115-143) and S. sarda (125-145). 

 The base of the first dorsal fin (285-327, 282-302) is 

 shorter than that of S. australis (315-343). 



Table 20.-Comparison of morphometric characters in popula- 

 tions of Sarda orientalis from Japan and the eastern tropical 

 Pacific. First set of numbers are measurements expressed as 

 thousandths of fork length, second set as thousandths of head 

 length. 



Types of Nominal Species.— Pe/amt/s orientalis 

 Temminck and Schlegel 1844:99, pi. 52. There are 

 three syntypes in Leiden of which Boeseman 

 (1947:94-95; 1964:465, pi. 3, fig. 11) selected the larg- 

 est as lectotype. Lectotype: RMNH 2286; about 

 560 mm FL, stuffed and mounted; Japan; 1830; 

 Burger. Paralectotypes: RMNH 842; about 470 

 mm, stuffed and mounted; Japan; Burger. RMNH 

 1244; 451 mm, stuffed but preserved in alcohol; 

 Japan; 1824-29. Counts for lectotype (paralecto- 

 types in parentheses): dorsal fin rays 

 XVIIH-14 + VIII (XVIIH-14 + VIII, XIX -I- 15 

 -I- VIII); anal fin rays ca. 14-1- VI (ca. 13 -I- VI, 

 15-1- VI); pectoral fin rays 24 (23-23, 25-24); gills 

 missing in all three; upper jaw teeth ca. 14 (ca. 

 13-11, 15-17); lower jaw teeth (left-right) 12-12 (?, 

 12-13). 



Sarda velox Meek and Hildebrand 1923:320-321, 

 pi. 24. Holotype: USNM 81060; 364 mm FL; 

 Panama City market; 19 Jan. 1912; S. E. Meek and 



S. F. Hildebrand. Counts: dorsal fin rays 

 XVIII + 15 -h VIII; anal fin rays 15 -I- VI; pectoral 

 fin rays (left-right) 25-24; gill rakers 3 -I- 1 -i- 8 = 12; 

 upper jaw teeth (left-right) 17-19; lower jaw teeth 

 13-11; vertebrae 25-1-20 = 45; lamellae in nasal 

 rosette 34-32. 



Sarda orientalis serventyi Whitley 1945:41. 

 Holotype figured in Whitley (1947:pl. 11, fig. 4). 

 Holotype: WAM P.3512; 265 mm FL; Western 

 Australia, Perth. Paratype: WAM P.2568; 480 mm; 

 Western Australia, Busselton. The holotype could 

 not be located when Collette visited Perth in 1970. 

 Counts for paratype: dorsal fin rays XVIII -1-14 

 -I- VIII; anal fin rays 14 -I- VI; pectoral fin rays 

 24-24; no gills; upper jaw teeth (left -right) 19-17; 

 lower jaw teeth 15-14; palatine teeth 13. 



Distribution.— Sarda orientalis is widespread in 

 the Indo-Pacific but there are two reports from the 

 Atlantic Ocean. Nichols and Breder (1927) record- 



605 



