identification and enumeration of preserved phy- 

 toplankton, and Tom Herman for measurements 

 of primary production. 



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Dale A. Kiefer 



Scripps Institution of Oceanography 

 University of California 

 La Jolla, CA 92037 



Reuben Lasker 



Southwest Fisheries Center 



National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 



La Jolla, CA 92037 



ENHANCED SURVIVAL OF LARVAL GRASS 



SHRIMP IN DILUTE SOLUTIONS OF 



THE SYNTHETIC POLYMER, 



POLYETHYLENE OXIDE' 



Small amounts of linear, high molecular weight 

 synthetic polymers when added to liquids can sig- 

 nificantly reduce frictional resistance in turbulent 

 pipe and channel flow (Castro and Squire 1967; 

 Peterson et al. 1974). These drag-reducing agents 

 have potential for improving efficiency of sewer, 

 water, and fire-fighting systems (Castro 1972); 

 reducing friction around ships' hulls (Wade 1973); 

 and perhaps increasing water flow and circulation 

 in mariculture operations (Zielinski et al. in press). 

 Such uses may result in the introduction of rela- 

 tively large quantities of polymers into nearshore 

 marine and estuarine waters or culture tanks. 



We report here experiments to evaluate effects 

 of chronic exposure to polyethylene oxide, a very 

 effective friction-reducing additive, on larvae of 

 estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris 

 and P. pugio. This polymer exhibits a very low 



'Contribution No. 22 from the South Carolina Marine 

 Resources Center. This work is a result of research sponsored by 

 NOAA Office of Sea Grant, under Grant #NG-33-72. 



678 



