Distribution. -Gt/wno.sarc/a tmicolor is a coral 

 reef species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific 

 (Figure 69). It was originally described by Ruppell 

 (1838) from Jiddah in the Red Sea and was 

 reported by Klunzinger (1871) from Koseir, also in 

 the Red Sea. Western Indian Ocean records 

 include: Tanzania (Mafia Island, Williams 1964; 

 Tutia Reef, Talbot 1965; St. Lazarus Bank, Merrett 

 and Thorp 1966); the Seychelles Islands (Smith and 

 Smith 1963); Amirante Islands (USNM uncat.); 

 Aldabra Island (Smith 1956); Madagascar, Mauri- 

 tius, and the Comoro Islands (NMC 73-244; Four- 

 manoir 1957); Reunion Island (Blanc and Postel 

 1958; Postel et al. 1960) and Mascarene waters 

 (Reunion, Mauritius, and Rodrigues; Baissac 

 1964). There are records from the Laccadive 

 Archipelago (Jones and Silas 1961; Jones 1969; 

 Nagabhushanam and Chandrasekhara Rao 1972), 

 the Maldive Islands (Jonklaas 1967), Sri Lanka 

 (Ceylon) (Sivasubramaniam 1970), and the An- 

 daman Islands (Jones and Silas 1961; Jones et al. 

 1960). The only records from the Indonesian area 

 appear to be from Cartier Island and Woodbine 

 Reef in the Timor Sea (Serventy 1950). Gym- 

 nosarda unicolor is known from several localities 

 in the Philippine Islands (Herre 1945, 1953; Warfel 

 1950; Dung and Royce 1953; Ronquillo 1963); the 

 New Guinea region-Louisiade Archipelago, 

 Solomon Islands, Woodlark Island, Laughlan 

 Island, Carteret Island, New Ireland, New Britain, 

 and the Admiralty Islands (Munro 1958b); and the 

 northern part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef 

 (Townsville, Marshall 1941; Coates 1950; Marshall 

 1964). (The record from off Scotland Island, New 

 South Wales (Whitley 1964a) is based on a 

 specimen (AMS IB. 4291) of Scomberomorus.) The 

 northern limit of the range is the Sagami Sea 

 (CAS SU 24080, 97 mm FL) and Urado, near Kochi, 

 Shikoku, Japan (USNM 59638, 72 mm FL), the 

 Ryukyu and Bonin islands south of Japan 

 (Kishinouye 1923), and the Straits of Korea 

 (Fukusho and Fujita 1972). To the southeast, there 

 are records or specimens from Guam in the 

 Mariana Islands (Kami et al. 1968), the Palau 

 Islands (CAS GVF), the Carolines (Kapin- 

 gamarangi and Ifalik, CAS GVF; Pikelot Island in 

 the Truk Islands jgroup, 5 uncataloged USNM 

 specimens; Dung and Royce 1953; Marshalls (Dung 

 and Royce 1953; Schultz 1960; USNM 140980); Gil- 

 berts (AMS IB. 5660); Society Islands (Tahi- 

 ti-Fowler 1938; ANSP 93818); Marquesas Islands 

 (SIO 59-282-43a); Rangiroa Atoll, Tuamotu 

 Archipelago (Fourmanoir and Griessinger 1971; 



Bablet 1972); and Oeno Island in the Pitcairn 

 Group (BPBM 16966). 



Remarks. -Two large specimens from Kapinga- 

 marangi Atoll (CAS GVF, 930 and 875 mm FL) 

 require special mention. They have a higher 

 number of very small teeth on the upper (left side, 

 right side 31-29 -I- , 31-30) and lower jaws 22-22, 

 25-22) than other Gymnosarda (Tables 5, 6). 

 Morphometrically, these two Kapingamarangi 

 specimens have distinctly greater snout-anal 

 origin, pectoral to pelvic origin, pelvic fin length, 

 height of second dorsal, height of anal fin, and 

 greater interorbital widths than 18 Gymnosarda 

 (240-1,040 mm FL) from throughout the range. 

 The specimens are not very well preserved, but we 

 feel confident that the morphometric differences 

 are real. The differences are not great enough to 

 require the description of a new species, but we 

 cannot fully account for the differences that exist. 

 Additional material, over a wider size range, from 

 Kapingamarangi will be necessary to solve this 

 problem. 



Allothunnus Serventy 



Allothunnus Serventy 1948:132 (type-species: 

 Allothunnus fallai Serventy 1948, by mono- 



typy)- 



Comparative Diagnosis. -The monotypic genus 

 Allothunnus differs from all other scombrids in its 

 very high number of gill rakers. It is the most 

 elongate species of bonito and so has the greatest 

 distances between the snout and the origins of the 

 dorsal and anal fins (Tables 1, 23). The snout and 

 maxilla are shorter than in any other bonito. 



Allothunnus differs from all other scombrid 

 genera in having the prootics remarkably extend- 

 ed laterally as wings that frame the posterior 

 margin of the orbit. A pair of dorsolateral 

 processes extend from the parasphenoid up to the 

 prootic wing. Allothunnus resembles the Thunnini 

 and differs from all other bonitos in having a 

 prootic pit. Only Gymnosarda has a trace of the 

 prominent ridges present on the frontals of 

 Allothunnus. The pineal foramen is large and oval 

 in Allothunnus, elongate and slit-shaped in all 

 other Sardini and Thunnini. The otoliths are more 

 similar to those of Sarda than to those of other 

 bonitos. 



The liver has three subequal lobes like Thunnus; 

 other bonitos have the right lobe or both right and 



614 



