192 THE HISTORY OF CEEATION. 



isms composed of many cells. The formation of buds is 

 universal in the vegetable kingdom, less frequent in the 

 animal kingdom. However, here also it occurs in the 

 tribe of Plant-like Animals, especially among the Coral 

 Zoophytes, and among the greater portion of the Hydroid 

 Polyps very frequently, further also among some worms 

 (Planarian Worms, Ring- Worms, Moss Animals, Tuni- 

 cates). Most branching animal-trees or colonies, which are 

 exceedingly like branching plants, arise like those plants, 

 by the formation of buds. 



Propagation by the foronation of buds (Gemmatio) is 

 essentially distinguished from propagation by division, in 

 the fact that the two organisms thus produced by budding 

 are not of equal age, and therefore at first are not of equal 

 value, as they are in the case of division. In division 

 we cannot clearly distinguish either of the two newly 

 produced individuals as the parental, that is as the producer, 

 because, in fact, both have an equal share in the composition 

 of the original parental individual. If, on the other hand, 

 an organism sends out a bud, then the latter is the child of 

 the former. The two individuals are of unequal size and of 

 unequal form. If, for instance, a cell propagates itself by 

 the formation of buds, we do not see the ceU fall into two 

 equal halves, but there appears at one point of it a protube- 

 rance, which becomes larger and larger, more or less separates 

 itself from the parental cell, and then grows independently. 

 In like manner we observe in the budding of a plant or 

 animal, that a small local growth arises on a part of the 

 mature individual, which growth becomes larger and larger, 

 and likewise more or less separates itself from the parental 

 organism by an independence in its growth. The bud, after 



