MATERIALISM. 35 



The Monism here maintained by us is often considered 

 identical with Materialism. Now, as Darwinism, and in 

 fact the whole theory of development, has been designated as 

 " materialistic" I cannot avoid here at once guarding myself 

 against this ambiguous word, and against the malice with 

 which, in certain quarters, it is employed to stigmatize our 

 doctrine. 



By the word "Materialism',' two completely different 

 things are very frequently confounded and mixed up, which 

 in reality have nothing Avhatever to do with each other, 

 namely, scientific and moral materialism. Scientific mate- 

 rialism, which is identical with our Monism, afiirms in 

 reality no more than that everything in the world goes on 

 naturally — that every effect has its cause, and every cause its 

 effect. It therefore assigns to causal law — that is, the law 

 of a necessary connection between cause and effect — its 

 place over the entire series of phenomena that can be 

 known. At the same time, scientific materialism positively 

 rejects every belief in the miraculous, and every conception, 

 in whatever form it appears, of supernatural processes. 

 Accordingly, nowhere in the whole domain of human know- 

 ledge does it recognize real metaphysics, but throughout 

 only physics ; through it the inseparable connection between 

 matter, form, and force becomes self evident. This scientific 

 materialism has long since been so universally acknowledged 

 in the wide domain of inorganic science, in Physics and 

 Chemistry, in Mineralogy and Geology, that no one now 

 doubts its sole authority. But in Biology, or Organic science, 

 the case is very different; here its value is still continually a 

 matter of dispute in many quarters. There is, however, 

 nothing else which can be set up against it, excepting the 



