REPRODUCTION BY GERM-BUDS. 1 93 



it has attained a certain size, may either completely separate 

 itself from the parental individual, or it may remain con- 

 nected with it and form a stock or colony, whilst at the 

 same time its life may be quite independent of that of its 

 parent. While the growth which starts the propagation, in 

 the case of self-division, is a total one affecting the whole 

 body, it is in the formation of buds only partial, affecting 

 merely a portion of the parental organism. But here, also, 

 the bud — the newly-produced individual which remains so 

 long most directly connected with the parental organism, 

 and which proceeds from it — retains the essential qualities 

 and the original tendency of development of its parent. 



A third mode of non-sexual propagation, that of the 

 formation of germ-huds (Polysporogonia), is intimately 

 connected with the formation of buds. In the case of the 

 lower, imperfect organisms, among animals, especially in the 

 case of the Plant-like animals and Worms, we very fre- 

 quently find that in the interior of an individual composed 

 of many cells, a small group of cells separates itself from 

 those surrounding it, and that this small isolated group 

 gradually developes itself into an individual, which, becomes 

 like the parent, and sooner or later comes out of it. 

 Thus, for example, in the body of the Fluke-worms (Tre- 

 matodes) there often arise numerous little bodies consisting 

 of many cells, that is germ-buds, or polyspores, which at 

 an early stage separate themselves completely from the 

 parent body, and leave it when they have attained a certain 

 stage of development. 



The formation of germ- buds is evidently but little different 

 from real budding. But, on the other hand, it is connected 

 with a fourth kind of non-sexual propagation, which almost 



