3l6 THE HISTORY OF CSEATION- 



CHAPTER XIII. 



THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIVERSE 

 AND OF THE EARTH. SPONTANEOUS GENERA- 

 TION. THE CARBON THEORY. THE PLASTID 

 THEORY. 



History of the Development of the Earth. — Kant's Theory of the Develop, 

 ment of the Universe, or the Cosmological Gas Theory. — Development 

 of Suns, Planets, and Moons. — First Origin of Water. — Comparison 

 of Oi'ganisms and Anorgana. — Organic and Inorganic Substances. — 

 Degrees of Density, or Conditions of Aggregation, — Albuminous 

 Combinations of Carbon. — Organic and Inorganic Forms. — Crystals 

 and Formless Organisms without Organs. — Stereometrical Fundamental 

 Forms of Crystals and of Organisms. — Organic and Inorganic Forces. 

 — ^Vital Force. — Growth and Adaptation in Crystals and in Organisms. 

 — Formative Tendencies of Crystals. — Unity of Organic and In. 

 organic Nature. — Spontaneous Generation, or Archigony. — Autogony 

 and Plasmogony. — Origin of Monera by Spontaneous Generation. — 

 Origin of Cells from Monera.— The Cell Theory.— The Plastid Theory. 

 — Plastids, or Structural-Units. — Cytods and Cells. — Four Different 

 Kinds of Plastids. 



In our considerations hitherto we have endeavoured to 

 answer the question, " By what causes have new species of 

 animals and plants arisen out of existing species?" We 

 have answered this question according to Darwin's theory, 

 that natural selection in the struggle for existence — that is, 

 the interaction of the laws of Inheritance and Adaptation 

 — is completely sufficient for producing mechanically the 



