CHAPTER VIII. 



TRANSMISSION BY INHERITANCE AND PROPAGATION. 



Universality of Inheritance and Transmission by Inheritance. — Special 

 Evidences of the same. — Human Beings with four, six, or seven 

 Fingers and Toes. — Porcupine Men. — Transmission of Diseases, espe- 

 cially Diseases of the Mind. — Original Sin. — Hereditary Monarchies. — 

 Hereditary Aristocracy. — Hereditary Talents and Mental Qualities. — 

 Material Causes of Transmission by Inheritance. — Connection between 

 Transmission by Inheritance and Propagation. — Spontaneous Genera, 

 tion and Propagation. — Non-sexual or Monogonous Propagation. — Propa- 

 gation by Self-Division. — Monera and Amcebae. — Propagation by the 

 formation of Buds, by the formation of Germ-Buds, by the formation of 

 Germ-Cells. — Sexual or Amphigonous Propagation. — Formation of 

 Hermaphrodites. — Distinction of Sexes, or Gonochorism. — Virginal 

 Breeding, or Parthenogenesis. — Material Transmission of Peculiarities 

 of both Parents to the Child by Sexual Propagation. — Difference 

 between Transmission by Inheritance in Sexual and in Asexual 

 Propagation, 



The reader has, in the last chapter, become acquainted 

 with natural selection according to Darwin's theory, as the 

 constructive force of nature which produces the different 

 forms of animal and vegetable species. By natural selection 

 we understand the interaction which takes place in the 

 struggle for life between the transmission by inheritance 

 and the mutahility of organisms, between two physiological 

 functions which are innate in all animals and plants, 



