432 HELICIDiE. 



base ; umbilicus none. Lengtb, three tenths of an inch ; breadth, 

 one tenth of an inch. 



Found in woods and groves under leaves and the bark of decay- 

 ing stumps. On visiting Oak Island, Chelsea, after a warm rain in 

 October, I foujid the surface of the ground covered with these shells 

 in incalculable numbers. Hundreds might be taken up clinging to 

 a single fallen leaf ; as the moisture evaporated they all disappeared 

 beneath the leaves. Mr. Say found this shell in the Northwest Ter- 

 ritory. 



From Canada to the Red River of the North and Enolish River, 

 In Nebraska. In New England and the States bordering the Great 

 Lakes. Also in Europe. 



The above description applies to the shell in its most perfect liv- 

 ing state. After death it soon becomes opaque and whitish, and 

 the lip loses its reddish color. In some aspects the peculiar termi- 

 nation of the pillar gives the aperture the look of an Achatina; and 

 this is evidently one of the connecting links between the two genera. 

 Indeed, this shell, with a few others, has been set apart by Jeffreys 

 in a new genus, which he calls Cionella, characterized by being 

 sub-effuse at base, with the columella partially interrupted. 



Genus PUPA, Draparxaud. 1805. 



Shell cylindrical, ovate or buliform, rimate or perforate ; last 

 whorl proportionally small ; aperture semi-oval or sub-rotund, gen- 

 erally furnished with entering, foldlike denticles ; peristome ex- 

 panded, or sub-simple, margins equal, sub-parallel, distant, usually 

 connected with a callous lamina. 



Jaw somewhat arcuate, furrowed with delicate strite, its concave 

 edge unbroken, generally somewhat prominent in the middle. 



Lingual band narrow, central teeth tricuspid, laterals bicuspid, 

 uncini serrated. 



Most of tbe species are so small that it requires much care and 

 no little skill to find them. Some are found in forests, under de- 

 caying leaves, or fragments of dead branches, lying on the ground, 

 or in the crevices of bark, or al)out decaying stumps and logs; 

 some are found in plats of moss, others under stones, sticks, etc., 

 in the open fields ; and many at the margins of brooks, pools, and 

 ponds, under chips, or crawling up the stems of plants, and seem to 



