LITTORINA. ' 309 



pillar lip is broad, plano-convex, or flattened (not retuse), and 

 white ; it is not particularly thickened at its union with the outer 

 lip ; its free edge is moderately concave, its inner, or attached mar- 

 gin is greatly arcuated. The throat is smooth, and usually of a 

 chocolate-brown ; more rarely the entire mouth is white. The 

 larger of the specimens we have delineated is fully the average 

 size of fine individuals. As a general rule, it may be remarked 

 that in the banded varieties of this and rudis, the coloring matter 

 is usually disposed in narrow rings in the former, in broad zones in 

 the latter. The outer lip, in the present species, is more frequently 

 margined internally with the darker external coloring ; in rudis it 

 is more apt to be pallid, or tinged with orange-yellow. 



The animal above is of a general dark hue, arising from close-set 

 brownish-black linear markings on a yellowish or tawny ground. 

 The lanceolate tentacula are irregularly ringed with these mark- 

 ings, as is the muzzle also. The operculigerous lobe is rounded, 

 pale, and tawny, with few markings. The sole of the foot is yellow- 

 ish white. Loven describes the tongue as having broad and quad- 

 rate central teeth, with strongly inflexed apices, consisting of a cor- 

 date central lobule, flanked by obtuse denticulations on each side ; 

 the uncini are nearly all alike, thick, and have unequally lobed and 

 toothed apices. (^Forbes and Hanlei/.^) 



Halifax {Willis). 



Littorina palliata. 



Fig. 167. 



Shell small, globular-ovate, thick, smooth; spire small and depressed, generally 

 of one color, or variegated with bands and spots ; aperture rounded, outer lip 

 sharp, pillar widely flattened. 



Turbo palliatus, Sat, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. ii. 240 ; ed. Binnet, 82. 



Turbo neritoides? Lin. Syst. 1232. — Chemn. Conch, v. 234, t. 185, fig. 1854. 



Littorina neritoides, De Kay, N. Y. Moll. 105, pi 6, figs. 109-111. 



Littorina littoralis, Forbes and Ham>ey. — Stimpsox, Shells of New England, 33. 



Littorina palliata, Godld, Inv. 1st ed. 260, fig. 167. — Stimpson, Check Lists, 5. 



Shell semi-giolDular, solid, smooth, and shining, with very faint 

 revolving lines, and lines of growth ; color variable, white, yellow, 

 orange, olive, slate, and brown ; usually of a single color, but often 

 striped, banded, or spotted in various ways with darker and lighter 

 colors ; whorls four, the last very large, and the others scarcely 

 rising above it ; suture faintly marked, scarcely denoting the limits 



