4§2 NOTES. 



mental proof of the theory of descent, merely thereby prove their 

 extraordinary ignorance of the morphological scientific facts re- 

 lating to this matter. 



132 (ii. 30). Spontaneous generation. — " Generelle Mor- 

 phologic," vol. i. pp. 167-190. "Monera and Spontaneous Gene- 

 ration." — "Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft," 1871, 

 vol. vi. pp. 37-42. 



133 (ii. 33). The Absence of Organs in Monera. In saying 

 that Monera are "organisms without organs," we understand the 

 definition of organs in a morphological sense. In a physiological 

 sense, on the other hand, we may call the variable plasson- 

 processes of the body of the Moneron the " fseudopodia " organs. 



134 (ii. 36). Induction and Deduction in Anthropogeny. 

 "Generelle Morphologie," vol. i. pp. 79-88; vol. ii. p. 427. 

 " History of Creation," vol. ii. p. 357. 



135 (ii. 42). Animal Ancestors of Man. The number of 

 species (or, more accurately, form-stages, which are distinguished 

 as " species ") must, in the human ancestral line (in the course of 

 many millions of years !), have amounted to many thousands ; 

 the number of genera to many hundreds. 



136 (ii. 47). Following Elsberg, we give the name of "plas- 

 tidules" to the "molecules of plasson," to the smallest like parts 

 of that albuminous substance which, according to the " plastid- 

 theory," is the material substratum of all the active phenomena 

 of life. Cf . my work on " The Perigenesis of Plastidules " 

 (" Perigenesis der Plastidule ocler Wellenzeugung der Lebens- 

 theilchen." Berlin, 1876). This is an attempt to explain 

 mechanically the elementary processes of evolution. 



137 (ii. 49). Bathybius and the free protoplasm of ocean 

 depths. Cf. my " Studies on Monera and other Protista." 

 Leipzig, 1870, p. 86. The most recent observations on living 

 Bathybius are those of Dr. Emil Bessel, who found this form on 

 the coast of Greenland (in Smith's Sound), at a depth of about 

 550 ft. He noticed very active amoeboid movements in them, 

 as well as the assumption of foreign particles (carmine, etc.). 

 " It consists of nearly pure protoplasm, tinged most intensely by 



