172 THE EVOLUTION OF MAN. 



fore restored Linnseus's order of Primates (excluding the 

 Bats), and divided it into three different sub-orders, the 

 first of which is formed by the Semi-apes (Lemurida), the 

 second by the true Apes (Simiadce), and the third by Men 

 (Antliropidce)™ 1 



Yet, if we proceed logically and without prejudice, in 

 accordance with the principles of scientific reasoning, we 

 find, on the basis of Huxley's own law, this division in- 

 adequate, and must go considerably further. As I first 

 showed in 18G6, in treating this question in my Gencvelle 

 Morphologie, we are fully justified in taking at least one 

 important step further, in assigning to Man his natural 

 place in one of the divisions of the Ape-order. All the 

 characters distinctive of this one division of the Apes are 

 present in Man, while they are absent in other Apes. We 

 are, therefore, not justified in forming a distinct order for 

 Man apart from the true Apes. 



The order of the true Apes (Simice), the Semi-apes being 

 excluded, has long been divided into two natural main 

 groups, which, among other points, are distinguished by 

 their geographical distribution. Those of one division 

 (Hesperopitheci, or Western Apes) live in the New W T orld, 

 in America. The other division, to which Man belongs, is 

 that of the Heopitheci, or Eastern Apes ; these live in the 

 Old World, in Asia, Africa, and, formerly, in Europe. All 

 the Apes of the Old World, all Heopitheci, share, in common 

 with Man, all those characteristics to which special promin- 

 ence is justly given, in distinguishing these two groups of 

 Apes, in zoological classification ; among these characteristics 

 the structure of the teeth is most prominent. The objec- 

 tion is at once evident that the teeth are, in a physiological 



