1 82 THE EVOLUTION OF MAN. 



applied this name to the speechless Primitive Men (Alali), 

 who made their appearance in what is usually called the 

 human form, that is, having the general structure of Men 

 (especially in the differentiation of the limbs) — but yet 

 being destitute of one of the most important qualities of 

 Man, namely, articulate speech, as well as of the higher 

 mental development connected with speech. The higher 

 differentiation of the larynx and of the brain occasioned by 

 the latter, first gave rise to the true " Man." 



Comparative Philology has recently shown that the 

 present human language is polyphyletic in origin, that 

 several, and probably many, different original languages 

 must be recognized, as having developed independently from 

 each other. The history of the development of languages 

 also teaches us (its Ontogeny in every child, as well as its 

 Phylogeny in every race), that the actual rational lan- 

 guage of men developed gradually, only after the body 

 had developed into the specific human form. It is even 

 probable that the formation of language did not begin till 

 after the differentiation of the various species, or races of 

 men, and this presumably occurred in the beginning of the 

 Quaternary Epoch, or the Diluvial Period. The Ape-men, 

 or Alali, were therefore probably already in existence 

 toward the close of the Tertiary Epoch, during the Pliocene 

 Period, perhaps even as early as the Miocene Period. 164 



Lastly, the genuine or speaking human being {Homo) 

 must be considered as the twenty-second and final stage 

 in our animal pedigree. Man originated from the pre- 

 ceding stage in consequence of the gradual improvement 

 of inarticulate animal sounds into true human articulate 

 peech. Only very uncertain conjectures can be formed as 



